Abstract
Among fuel-dependent criteria are engine emission reduction and performance improvement, which have recently been achieved by adding nanomaterials to automotive fuels. In this study the effects of adding aluminum oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles at four mass percentages [0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5% (w/w)] to gasoline on engine emissions and vibrations at three speeds (1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2500 rpm) was studied at Islamic Azad university of Kermanshah in 2021. Four air pollution parameters (HC, CO, O2, and lambda) and engine vibration levels for two different types of nano-additives were also analyzed. Furthermore, exhaust gases were analyzed to measure engine emission parameters; and engine vibrations were analyzed by recording vibration signals during engine operation and calculating vibration acceleration from each. The analysis indicated that nano-additives reduced CO and HC content and increased O2 content, but did not significantly affect lambda. Result of the exhaust gases analysis demonstrated that aluminum oxide nanoparticles outperformed cerium oxide nanoparticles in terms of engine emission reduction. It was also observed that adding both types of nanoparticles to the base fuel reduced the vibration amplitude; and higher nanoparticle concentrations reduced engine vibrations, with the aluminum oxide nanoparticles having the strongest effect. Overall, it was concluded that using aluminum nanoparticles as fuel additives can reduce engine emissions and vibrations. The results of the study indicated a significant improvement in reducing engine vibration and a clear reduction in pollutants. With the production of nano-additives based on Al2O3 and CeO2, the emission level of spark ignition engines and damage to the electro-mechanical parts of the car can be reduced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ağbulut Ü, Karagöz M, Sarıdemir S, Öztürk A (2020) Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine. Fuel 270:117521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117521
Al-Arkawazi SAF (2019) Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool. SN Appl Sci 1:1370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1392-5
Ali MKA, Xianjun H, Mai L, Qingping C, Turkson RF, Bicheng C (2016) Improving the tribological characteristics of piston ring assembly in automotive engines using Al2O3 and TiO2 nanomaterials as nano-lubricant additives. Tribol Int 103:540–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.08.011
Anbarasu A, Karthikeyan A, Balaji M (2016) Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using alumina nanoparticle blended biodiesel emulsion fuel. J Energy Resour Technol 138(2):022203. https://doi.org/10.1115/14031834
Anchupogu P, Rao G, Balakrishna B, Sankar BR, Umamaheswarrao P (2018) Effect of TiO2 nanoadditives on the combustion performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine. Adv Sci Lett 24(8):5712–5717. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12183
Çelik M, Solmaz H, Yücesu HS (2015) Examination of the effects of organic based manganese fuel additive on combustion and engine performance. Fuel Process Technol 139:100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.08.002
Dehghan R, Abdolahi S, Rahimi M, Nejad KF, Amini M (2019) Investigation of exhaust pollutant emissions in light vehicles compared to technical examination standard and euro 2 (case study: Shiraz city). Iran J Health Environ 12(3):437–448
Dhahad HA, Chaichan MT (2020) The impact of adding nano-Al2O3 and nano-ZnO to Iraqi diesel fuel in terms of compression ignition engines’ performance and emitted pollutants. Therm Sci Eng Prog 18:100535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100535
Dhanasekar K, Sridaran M, Arivanandhan M, Jayavel R (2019) A facile preparation performance and emission analysis of pongamia oil based novel biodiesel in diesel engine with CeO2: Gd nanoparticles. Fuel 255:115756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115756
Gharehghani A, Asiaei S, Khalife E, Najafi B, Tabatabaei M (2019) Simultaneous reduction of CO and NOx emissions as well as fuel consumption by using water and nano particles in diesel–biodiesel blend. J Clean Prod 210:1164–1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.338
Hosseini SH, Taghizadeh-Alisaraei A, Ghobadian B, Abbaszadeh-Mayvan A (2020) Artificial neural network modeling of performance emission and vibration of a CI engine using alumina nano-catalyst added to diesel-biodiesel blends. Renew Energy 149:951–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.080
Jiaqiang E, Zhang Z, Chen J, Pham M, Zhao X, Peng Q, Zhang B, Yin Z (2018) Performance and emission evaluation of a marine diesel engine fueled by water biodiesel–diesel emulsion blends with a fuel additive of a cerium oxide nanoparticle. Energy Convers Manag 169:194–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.073
Krupakaran RL, Hariprasasd T, Gopalakrishna A, Babu P (2016) The performance and exhaust emissions investigation of a diesel engine using γ-Al2O3 nanoparticle additives to biodiesel. Carbon Manag 7(3–4):233–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2016.1218713
Nag S, Sharma P, Gupta A, Dhar A (2019) Combustion vibration and noise analysis of hydrogen–diesel dual fuelled engine. Fuel 241:488–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.055
Nguyen DD, Moghaddam H, Pirouzfar V, Fayyazbakhsh A, Su CH (2021) Improving the gasoline properties by blending butanol-Al2O3 to optimize the engine performance and reduce air pollution. Energy 218:119442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119442
Ni S, Guo Y, Lv B, Yu D, Li W (2019) Coupling analysis of torsional vibration Speed control system and advanced injection angle of low speed diesel engine. In: INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON congress and conference proceedings. Institute of Noise Control Engineering, vol 259, no. 8, pp 1474–1483
Norhafana M, Noor MM, Hairuddin AA, Harikrishnan S, Kadirgama K, Ramasamy D (2020) The effects of nano-additives on exhaust emissions and toxicity on mankind. Mater Today Proc 22:1181–1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.110
Pandey K, Basu S (2019) High vapour pressure nanofuel droplet combustion and heat transfer: insights into droplet burning time scale secondary atomisation and coupling of droplet deformations and heat release. Combust Flame 20:167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.043
Park J, Lee J, Ahn S, Jeong W (2017) Reduced ride comfort caused by beating idle vibrations in passenger vehicles. Int J Ind Ergon 57:74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.12.003
Rodríguez-Félix F, López-Cota AG, Moreno-Vásquez MJ, Graciano-Verdugo AZ, Quintero-Reyes IE, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL, Tapia-Hernández JA (2021) Sustainable-green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) waste extract and its antibacterial activity. Heliyon 7(4):e06923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06923
Sanatha K, Bhatti SK, Jaikumar S (2021) Influence of ZnO nanoparticle dispersed Baheda oil biodiesel blend in variable compression ratio diesel engine: vibration and noise assessment. J Inst Eng (india) Ser C. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-021-00713-8
Saraee HS, Taghavifar H, Jafarmadar S (2017) Experimental and numerical consideration of the effect of CeO2 nanoparticles on diesel engine performance and exhaust emission with the aid of artificial neural network. Appl Therm Eng 113:663–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.044
Shreenivasan SN, Chinnasamy C (2019) Experimental studies on diesel engine using aluminium nano particles as additives. Int Res J Multidiscip Technovation 1(2):15–24. https://doi.org/10.34256/irjmt1919
Soudagar MEM, Nik-Ghazali NN, Kalam MA, Badruddin IA, Banapurmath NR, Khan TY, Bashir MN, Akram N, Farade R, Afzal A (2019) The effects of graphene oxide nanoparticle additive stably dispersed in dairy scum oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blend on CI engine: performance emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel 257:116015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116015
Srinidhi C, Madhusudhan A, Channapattana SV (2019) Parametric studies of CI engine at various injection strategies using biodiesel blended nanoparticles as fuel. Int J Ambient Energy 20:1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2019.1630303
Taghavifar H, Kaleji BK, Kheyrollahi J (2020) Application of composite TNA nanoparticle with bio-ethanol blend on gasoline fueled SI engine at different lambda ratios. Fuel 277:118218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118218
Taghizadeh-Alisaraei A, Ghobadian B, Tavakoli-Hashjin T, Mohtasebi SS (2012) Vibration analysis of a diesel engine using biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel blends. Fuel 102:414–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.109
Tomar M, Kumar N (2020) Influence of nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with diesel biodiesel and blends—a review. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util Environ Eff 42(23):2944–2961. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1623347
Torbatian S, Hoshyaripour A, Shahbazi H, Hosseini V (2020) Air pollution trends in Tehran and their anthropogenic drivers. Atmos Pollut Res 11(3):429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.11.015
Yaşar A, Keskin A, YildizhanUludamar ŞE (2019) Emission and vibration analysis of diesel engine fuelled diesel fuel containing metallic based nanoparticles. Fuel 239:1224–1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.113
Zamankhan F, Pirouzfar V, Ommi F, Valihesari M (2018) Investigating the effect of MgO and CeO2 metal nanoparticle on the gasoline fuel properties: empirical modeling and process optimization by surface methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(23):22889–22902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2066-3
Zeng Y, Cao Y, Qiao X, Seyler BC, Tang Y (2019) Air pollution reduction in China: recent success but great challenge for the future. Sci Total Environ 663:329–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.262
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: U.W. Tang.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Biglari, N., Biglari, V. & Adelkhani, A. Analysis the effects of adding Al2O3 and CeO2 nanoparticles to fuel on engine emission and vibration. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 4927–4934 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05419-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05419-1