Green adsorbent for CO2 adsorption: MgO impregnated palm kernel shell-based activated carbon

Gopalan, J.; Abdul Raman, A. A.; Buthiyappan, A.

doi:10.1007/s13762-023-05418-2

Green adsorbent for CO₂ adsorption: MgO impregnated palm kernel shell-based activated carbon

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Published: 22 January 2024

Volume 21, pages 6773–6788, (2024)
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Abstract

This study utilized palm kernel shells (PKS), a type of biomass, to synthesize chemically modified activated carbon in order to enhance its efficacy in adsorbing carbon dioxide (CO₂). To enhance the adsorption efficiency, the activated carbon derived from PKS has undergone chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and impregnated with magnesium oxide (MgO). The physicochemical characterization, CO₂ adsorption performance, isotherm and thermodynamics properties were evaluated. The characterization analysis shows that PKS-MgO exhibited a surface area of 418 m² g⁻¹ and a well-formed mesopores structure with pore diameter and volume of 2.8 nm and 0.294 cm³ g⁻¹, respectively. The FTIR analysis shows the presence of hydroxyl group (–OH), amino group (–NH₂), carbonyl group (C=O), metal–oxygen bond (Mg–O). The result revealed that PKS-MgO has the highest CO₂ adsorption capacity of 104.74 mg g⁻¹ at lowest temperature of 25 °C and 5 bar. Subsequently, the adsorption capacity has been determined as 74.37 mg g⁻¹ at 50 °C and 51.93 mg g⁻¹ at 75 °C, respectively. Langmuir model fitted the data the best at 25 °C (R² = 0.978). On the other hand, he Temkin isotherm showed the best accuracy at 50 °C (R² = 0.986) and 75 °C (R² = 0.989). The isotherm study suggests that adsorption primarily occurs by homogeneous monolayer adsorption. In summary, the findings suggest that chemically modified palm kernel shells show potential for CO₂ adsorption. This approach also aligns with circular economy principles, emphasizing the sustainable utilization of biomass resources and provide solutions for environmental concerns.

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Concurrent activation and surface modification (CAM) process to produce surface-modified palm kernel shell-derived activated carbon (PKSdAC)

Article Open access 15 November 2023

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Abbreviations

AC:: Activated carbon
BAC:: Biomass-based activated carbon
CCUS:: Carbon capture utilization and storage
HPVA:: High Pressure Volumetric Analyzer
MOF:: Metal organic framework
MBAC:: Metal impregnated biomass-based activated carbon
PKS:: Palm kernel shell
PKS-MgO:: Palm kernel shell KOH activated carbon
MgO:: Impregnated

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, for providing financial support through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (FRGS/1/2019/TK05/UM/01/3).

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Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
J. Gopalan & A. A. Abdul Raman
Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A. A. Abdul Raman
Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, C308, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A. Buthiyappan

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Gopalan, J., Abdul Raman, A.A. & Buthiyappan, A. Green adsorbent for CO₂ adsorption: MgO impregnated palm kernel shell-based activated carbon. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 6773–6788 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05418-2

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Received: 22 July 2023
Revised: 07 December 2023
Accepted: 12 December 2023
Published: 22 January 2024
Issue Date: May 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05418-2

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