Abstract
Sedimentation basins are structures that separate suspended sediments from river flows at irrigation intakes. There are many ways to design these sedimentation basins, some of which lead to unrealistic results because of their simplifying assumptions. Some of these methods are complex and are extremely difficult to use. Meanwhile, other methods to reduce the above problems have been proposed by a number of researchers that are based on laboratory or analytical studies. Due to the existence of various models, it is difficult to determine which approach is the most appropriate model. Here, by introducing multiple methods, their performance has been evaluated by comparison with laboratory data. Experiments were conducted on a flume 12 m in length, 1.2 m in width, and 0.5 m in height for three sediment sizes and for different discharges. Trapping efficiencies were calculated based on the remaining sediment in the invert of the flume after completion of the experiment. The results showed that the United States bureau of reclamation model shows a high efficiency of the sedimentation basins. In addition, it was found that the efficiency estimates of this model are very sensitive to input parameters. Examination of various statistical characteristics showed that the trapping efficiency in this study is consistent with the Sarikaya and Einstein models. Also, a regression equation with an accuracy of RMS = 7.32 can be used to estimate the trapping efficiency in irrigation sediment basins.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamsson A, Stovin V, Bergdahi L (2003) Bed shear stress boundary condition for storage tank sedimentation. J Environ Eng 129(7):651–658
Armenio V, Fioroto V (2001) The importance of the forces acting on particles in turbulent flows. Phys Fluids 13(8):2437–2440
Bishwakarma MB (1997). Settling basin design criteria and trap efficiency computation methods. Department of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim, Norway.
Camp TR (1943) The effect of turbulence on retarding settling. Proc. 2nd hydraulics conference University of Iowa, Studies in engineering. Bulletin 27:307–317
Camp TR (1946) Sedimentation and the design of settling tanks. Trans ASCE 111:895–936
Dhital RP (2018) Guidelines for detailed feasibility studies of micro-hydro projects. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC)
Dobbins WE (1944) Effect of turbulence on sedimentation. Trans ASCE 109:629–656
Einstein H.A (1950). The bed load function for sediment transportation in open channels. Technical Bulletin No. 1026, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
Garde RJ, Ranga Raju KG (1977) Mechanics of sediment transportation and alluvial stream problems. Halsted Press, New York (Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi), https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290040321
Garde RJ, Ranga Raju KG (1989) Regime criteria for alluvial streams. J Hydraulics Div 89(6):105–123. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0000951
Garde RJ, Ranga Raju KG, Sujudi AWR (1990) Design of settling basins. J Hydr Res 28(1):81–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221689009499148
Gismalla YA (2009) Sedimentation problems in the Blue Nile reservoirs and Gezira scheme: a review. Gezira J Eng Appl Sci 14(2):1–12
Hazen A (1904) On Sedimentation. Trans ASCE 53:45–88
Helgeson Z, Jenkins J, Abraham JP, Sparrow EM (2011) Particle trajectories and agglomeration/accumulation in branching arteries subjected to orbital atherectomy. Open Biomed Eng J 5:25–38
Hosseinzadeh Asl R, Salmasi F, Arvanaghi H (2020) Numerical investigation on geometric configurations affecting seepage from unlined earthen channels and the comparison with field measurements. Eng Appl Comput Fluid Mech 14(1):236–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2019.1706639
Jin YC, Gue QC, Viraraghavan T (2000) Modeling class I settling tanks. J Environ Eng 126(8):754–760
Jin YC, Lu F, Badruzzaman Md (2005) Simplified model of class-I settling tanks design. J Environ Eng 131(12):1755159
Johnson NN, Abraham JP, Helgeson ZI, Hennessey MP (2011) Simulation of embolization particle trajectories. Front Heat Transf 2(2):023006
Kaveshnikov NT (1997) Methods of calculating sedimentation and sediment-concentration parameters of a flow in settling basins. Hydro Tech Construct 31:618–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02767276
Khademi M, Omid MH, Horfar A (2008) Investigation of the effect of guide blade on sediment trap efficiency using physical and mathematical models. Hydraulics 1(2):11–24
Osman IS, Schultz B, Osman A, Suryadi FX (2016) Simulation of fine sediment transport in irrigation canals of the gezira scheme with the numerical model FSEDT. J Irrig Drain Eng 142(11):04016049. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001031
Pemberton EL, Lara JM (1971) A procedure to determine sediment deposition in a settling basin. Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center
Ranga Raju KG et al (1999) Sediment removal efficiency of settling basin. J Irrig Drain Eng 125(5):308–314
Sarikaya HZ (1977) Numerical model for discrete settling. J. of Hydraulics Div. ASCE 103:865–876
Singh KK, Pal M, Ojha CSP, Singh VP (2008) Estimation of removal efficiency for settling basins using neural networks and support vector machines. J Hydrol Eng 13(3):146–155
Stamou AL, Adams EW, Rodi W (1989) Numerical modeling of flow and settling in primary rectangular clarifiers. J Hydr Res 27(5):665–682
Stovin VR, Saul AJ (2000) Computational fluid dynamics and the design of sewage storage chambers. J CIWEM 14(2):103–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2000.tb00235.x
Sujudi AWR (1987) Design of settling basins, M. E. Dissertation. University of Roorkee, Roorkee India
Sumer MS (1977) Settlement of solid particles in open- channel flow. J Hydraul Div ASCE 103:1323–1337
Swamee PK, Tyagi A (1996) Design of class I sedimentation tanks. J Environ Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1996)122:1(71)
USBR (1983) Dredging and dredged material disposal, EM 1110–2–5025. United States Bureau of Reclamation(USBR), USA
Velikanov MA (1967) Begründung der Gravitationstheorie der Bewegung von Sedimenten, Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR, Serie Geophysik, Nr.4, Moskau, pp 349–359 (in Russian)
Vetter CP (1981) Comprehensive survey of sedimentation in Lake Mead. Technical Report, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
Acknowledgements
This paper is the outcome of a research project supported by the University of Tabriz research affairs office.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: S.Mirkia.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Salmasi, F., Abraham, J. & Salmasi, A. Evaluation of various design models of irrigation sedimentation basins. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 11301–11308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05159-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05159-2