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Elimination performance of Nile blue from wastewater using by carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/kaolin nanocomposite hydrogel

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Abstract

In this study, we synthesized carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) copolymer hydrogels and carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/kaolin nanocomposite with a free radical mechanism to adsorb pollutants of Nile blue dye. Nanocomposite hydrogels performed best at pH = 11, a temperature of 25 °C, a contact time of 90 min, a concentration of pollutant 10 ppm, and an adsorbent dose of 1.5 mg. The increased adsorption rate of NB dye pollutants after adding kaolin-type clay nanoparticles from 96.49 to 98.91% showed the successful addition of nanoparticles to hydrogel copolymer structures. The best isotherm performance was the Langmuir isotherm model, and maximum adsorption capacity for carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) copolymer hydrogels and for carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogel was 138.49 and 149.82, respectively. In the analysis of kinetic models, Elovich's kinetic model had the best performance, where the α value for carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) copolymer hydrogels are 0.783 and for carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/kaolin nanocomposite hydrogel obtained a value of 9.58, which indicates a high adsorption value. On the other hand, the enthalpy parameters (ΔH°) for adsorption process using carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) and carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/kaolin nanocomposite hydrogels were − 61.512 kJ/mol and − 77.281 kJ/mol, respectively. The negativity of ΔH° indicates that the process is exothermic at 5–50 °C using both adsorbers. Furthermore, this process could be spontaneous because the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) for adsorption processes was negative in experiment temperature range.

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Abbreviations

A T :

Constants of Temkin model (l/g)

α :

Initial sorption value (mg/g min)

b T :

Constant of Freundlich model (kJ/mol)

β :

Desorption constant (g/mg)

C 0 :

Initial concentration of the contaminant

C t :

Final concentration

CPMA:

CMC-g-P(MAA-co-AAm)

CPMAK:

CMC-g-P(MAA-co-AAm)/kaolin

ε :

Absolute temperature (K)

k F :

Constant of Freundlich model

k 1 :

Pseudo-first-order

k 2 :

Pseudo-second-order (g/mg min)

K D :

Equilibrium constant (KD = 1000 qe/Ce)

k L :

Langmuir adsorption constant

m :

Amount of adsorbent (g L−1)

n :

Constant of Freundlich model

q ti :

Adsorption capacity at time t (mg/g)

q ei :

Adsorption capacity at equilibrium (min−1)

q m :

Maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g)

q e :

Equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg/g)

R :

Universal constant of gases (8.314 J/mol.K)

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

V :

Volume of solution

W dry :

Dry weights of hydrogels

W wet :

Wet weights of hydrogels

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lorestan Petrochemical Company, Lorestan, Iran

    E. Jafarian

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran

    A. Hekmatiyan

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

    A. Cheraghdar

  4. Separation Processes and Nanotechnology Lab, Faculty of Caspian, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    H. Safarzadeh

  5. Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    M. Shamsi

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  1. E. Jafarian
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Correspondence to M. Shamsi.

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Jafarian, E., Hekmatiyan, A., Cheraghdar, A. et al. Elimination performance of Nile blue from wastewater using by carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/kaolin nanocomposite hydrogel. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 9933–9944 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05096-0

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