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Spatial analysis, sources, and categories of e-waste clusters in developing countries: kano metropolis case study

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Abstract

Electronic waste, also known as e-waste, is any part or entire electrical or electronic product that has reached the end of its useful life. In recent years, e-waste has emerged as an issue of increasing concern as its sources, categories, collection, and treatment can lead to significant environmental damage. Moreover, there are inadequate studies about how e-waste is collected, classified, distributed, treated, and disposed of in developing countries. The objective of this study is to examine the spatial analysis of e-waste clusters (collection and treatment points), sources, and categories in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. We conducted focus group discussions (FGD) at the e-waste collection centres to estimate the number of extractors at each site. KoBo Collect Tool Box was used to generate the inventory of the e-waste collection and treatment points, while ArcGIS 10.4 was used to map the spatial distribution of the e-waste collection and treatment points and perform locational analysis. The findings revealed that repairers, scavengers, companies, institutions, and households are the major sources of e-waste in Kano metropolis. A significant portion of the e-waste collected consists of lamps, screens, small equipment, temperature exchange equipment, and information and communications devices. In Kano, however, there are few e-waste collection and treatment sites. Among the key e-waste collection sites are Kurmi and Sabon Gari Markets, while Kuka Bulukiya and PRP Gidan Ruwa serve as treatment hotspots in Kano metropolis. In spite of this, the distribution of e-waste collection points and treatment facilities is highly random due to their distance from one another.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

I wish to acknowledge Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) for sponsoring this research. I am indebted to Dr Mohd Yusoff Ishak for his critical review towards this work.

Funding

This study was funded by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund, Nigeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Biotechnology Development Agency, North-West Zone, Katsina, 2140, P.M.B, Nigeria

    A. Sulaiman Zangina

  2. Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    A Abubakar

  3. Department of Environmental Management, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

    I. M. Ahmed

  4. Centre for Dryland Agriculture (CDA), Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

    M. Muhammad Badamasi

  5. Department of Sciences, School of Continuing Education, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

    S. Da’u Sa’adu

Authors
  1. A. Sulaiman Zangina
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  2. A Abubakar
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  3. I. M. Ahmed
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  4. M. Muhammad Badamasi
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  5. S. Da’u Sa’adu
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Contributions

ASZ, AIM, MMB, AA and SDS contributed in the sourcing of relevant literature, laboratory analysis as well as synthesis, organisation, and drafting of the manuscript. ASZ and AA contributed in data analysis, drafting and formatting of the manuscript. AIM and MMB critically reviewed the manuscript with addition and subtraction where necessary within the manuscript.

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Correspondence to A Abubakar.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Editorial responsibility: Bivin Thomas.

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Sulaiman Zangina, A., Abubakar, A., Ahmed, I.M. et al. Spatial analysis, sources, and categories of e-waste clusters in developing countries: kano metropolis case study. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 13373–13386 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04909-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04909-6

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