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Efficient microwave remediation on naphthalene contaminated soil using a multifunctional bluecoke-based conditioner

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Abstract

The remediation of organic-contaminated soil using microwave heating is widely concerned because of its advantages of low-cost, high efficiency, and short processing time. In the present work, the bluecoke-based conditioner (KHCO3@BC) prepared by ultrasonic impregnation was employed to further improve the removal efficiency of naphthalene. The removal efficiency of naphthalene and the characteristics of remediated soil and by-products were investigated via experimental calculation, analysis of physical and chemical properties of soils, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Besides, the removal process of naphthalene in microwave remediation was presented. Results indicated that the maximal removal of naphthalene by using KHCO3@BC-assisted microwave remediation reached 96.46% with the highest temperature of 575 ℃, when 4 wt% of KHCO3@BC conditioner was added, microwave power was 700 W, and heating time was 25 min. The content of total K and available K in remediated soil rose to 2.03 and 0.51 g/kg, thus improving the inorganic fertilizer of remediated soil. The size of soil particles significantly decreased after microwave remediation, which optimized the mechanical component of remediated soil. The removal process of naphthalene in microwave remediation mainly contained the gas stripping and naphthalene vaporization. The prepared KHCO3@BC conditioner could realize the removal of contaminants, and increase K fertilizer for acid organic-contaminated soils in microwave remediation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Service Local Special Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (22JC045), Special Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (22JK0432), Science and Technology Plan Project of Yulin city (No. CXY-2020-058), Science and Technology Plan Project of Beilin district (No. GX2133), and Science and Technology Foundation Project of XAUAT (No. ZR21065).

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  1. C. Yue and H. Wu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Iron & Steel Industry Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100088, China

    C. Yue, L. Wu, C. Liu & W. Tian

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi`an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi`an, 710055, China

    H. Wu, L. Wu & J. Zhou

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  1. C. Yue
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  2. H. Wu
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  3. L. Wu
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  4. C. Liu
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  5. W. Tian
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  6. J. Zhou
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Contributions

CY and HW conducted all the experiments, processed the experimental data, and wrote the manuscript. LW offered the experimental idea and methodology, and revised the manuscript; CL and WT provided sample detection and experimental devices. JZ checked and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to L. Wu.

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Editorial responsibility: H Pant.

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Yue, C., Wu, H., Wu, L. et al. Efficient microwave remediation on naphthalene contaminated soil using a multifunctional bluecoke-based conditioner. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 12343–12350 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04798-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04798-9

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