Abstract
The Ayapel Wetland Complex (AWC) is part of the so-called Momposina Depression, one of the largest alluvial plains in South America and a strategic ecosystem for Colombia. This research used multiscale images, vegetation indices and landscape metrics for modelling the AWC over a period of 33 years. Three hydrological conditions were assessed: (a) permanent water storage capacity, (b) flood buffering capacity and (c) hydrological pulse. PlanetScope and RapidEye images were used to compare the efficiency of Enhanced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (ENDVI), Emergent Vegetation Spectral index (EVSI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Water Adjusted Vegetation index (WAVI), derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images, for mapping the AWC landscape. The most efficient index was WAVI from which the water body cartography was carried out for the annual and inter-seasonal periods. Landscape metrics such as class area (CA), patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI) and cohesion index (PC) were compared between annual and inter-seasonal periods to determine changes in the AWC. Space–time modelling showed the wetland’s progressive deterioration; 29.8% of the water bodies were lost (19,683.5 ha) and the surfaces flooded in the wet season gradually increased. This is an indication of the decrease in the wetland’s ability to buffer floods. The gradual increase in surface differences between dry and wet seasons, which reached 62.8% in 2017, is a possible indication of imbalance in the hydrological pulse of the AWC. The approach addressed in this research becomes a practical, fast and low-cost methodological strategy, easily replicable for other wetland ecosystems in the tropics.
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We thank the Universidad de Córdoba-Colombia for the logistical support to perform this research.
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Mejia Ávila, D., Martínez Lara, Z. & Soto Barrera, V.C. Space–time modelling of a tropical wetland using multiscale images, vegetation indices and landscape metrics: case—Ayapel Wetland Complex, Colombia. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 10787–10810 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04734-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04734-3