Abstract
With the widespread of boron application, more and more boron residues pollute water sources, leading to a series of environmental and health problems. In this context, the objective of this work was to investigate boron adsorption and to set the optimal conditions to maximize boron uptake from water by bone char (a low cost material produced from bovine bones waste) and, simultaneously, to minimize the variance of the process, aiming at future industrial applications. Design of experiments was carried out using the central composite design. Optimization was carried out by generalized reduced gradient and normal border intersection methods. At initial effluent pH of 7.72, solid–liquid ratio of 59.95 g L−1 and an initial boron concentration of 18.63 mg L−1, it was possible to reach 43% of boron removal, with a variance of 2%. The equilibrium study showed that Freundlich model described better the system, compared to Langmuir, Henry, Temkin and Langmuir–Freundlich isotherms, suggesting a reversible process. Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model best fitted experimental data.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and Federal University of São João del-Rei are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank UFMG Mining Engineering Characterization Laboratory for FTIR analyses and UFOP CiPharma multiuser Laboratory for measures in NanoZeta Sizer.
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This work was partially supported by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and Federal University of São João del-Rei.
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Valverde, S.A., Azevedo, J.C.V., França, A.B. et al. Removal of boron from water by batch adsorption onto bovine bone char: optimization, kinetics and equilibrium. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 9423–9440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04643-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04643-5