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An insight into various biomarkers to study toxicological impact of nanoparticles in fishes: explored and missing information

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Abstract

In recent years, the production and utilization of nanomaterials have increased many folds due to massive advancement in industrialization and urbanization as well as their increasing application in various sectors. Nanoparticles from these nanomaterials may release into the aquatic environment during their different stages of life cycles and may cause deleterious effects on aquatic fauna. The impact of the nanoparticles on the aquatic organisms is still largely unknown and less addressed. Although many studies have been performed to demonstrate toxicity caused by various types of nanoparticles to aquatic organisms, there is still less information related to suitable biomarkers or biological parameters used. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to carry out an assessment of available peer reviewed research reports in which different biological parameters were used to study effect of different nanoparticles on the aquatic organisms, especially fishes. Firstly, in this review the various sources of nanoparticles into the aquatic environment, different uptake routes of nanoparticles into the fish body, and their mechanism of action were discussed. After that, major emphasis as well as less emphasis given biological parameters or biomarkers to study nanoparticles toxicity to fishes by different researchers have been categorized and suitably illustrated. Furthermore, some new biomarkers or biological parameters which can be used to demonstrate nanoparticles toxicity were also discussed. In conclusion, this review will help the researchers to find out new biomarkers to study nanoparticles toxicity so that various biological mechanisms can be explored to assess the adverse effects of nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by University Grant Commission (UGC), by the grant of STARTUP (No. F.30-409/ 2018(BSR)), UGC, Government of India, New Delhi, India.

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  1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    A. R. Samim, Md. Arshad & H. Vaseem

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  1. A. R. Samim
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  2. Md. Arshad
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  3. H. Vaseem
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A.R Samim has made the idea, reviewed the literature, drafted the original manuscript, prepared figures and tables and analyzed the manuscript. Md. Arshad has analyzed and edited the manuscript. H. Vaseem has originated the idea, analyzed, edited and revised the manuscript and supervised.

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Correspondence to H. Vaseem.

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Editorial responsibility: Maryam Shabani.

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Samim, A.R., Arshad, M. & Vaseem, H. An insight into various biomarkers to study toxicological impact of nanoparticles in fishes: explored and missing information. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 10533–10552 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04488-y

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