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Application of the metal pollution indices on surface waters for assessment of environmental risk: a case study for Damsa reservoir (Cappadocia, Türkiye)

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Abstract

Damsa reservoir is a considerable water source for the purpose of irrigation and recreation in Cappadocia region. For the assessment of heavy metals pollution, indices (heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI)) were used. Thus, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for measuring the metal concentrations such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), boron (B), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) and antimony (Sb). These values ranged from 15.97 to 18.76 (mean 17.21) for HPI and from 0.97 to 1.44 (mean 1.21) for HEI. HPI values of measured metals were calculated as lower than 75 that is the critical value. For all samples, the values of HEI (heavy metal evaluation index) were determined as low metal pollution level. Concentration of the most metals was found within limit of WHO except boron. Additionally, concentration of arsenic was measured very close to the limit value. When evaluating HPI for critical elements, it was found to be as very poor class for arsenic (82.4) and as medium class for boron (18.98). To identify pollution origin and relationship between parameters, Pearson correlation index (PCI) and principal components analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) were applied to data. Natural/geogenic processes and anthropogenic (agricultural activities) inputs were determined as the main pollution sources of reservoir by the result of principal component analysis and pollution indices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Scientific Research Project Fund (NEUBAP), for their financial support (Project number: NEÜBAP14F7).

Funding

Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Scientific Research Project Fund (NEUBAP- Project number: NEÜBAP14F7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Cappadocia (Nevsehir), Turkey

    Ö. Findik

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Cappadocia (Nevsehir), Turkey

    S. Aras

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  1. Ö. Findik
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ÖF designed the research issue, collected samples of research, oversaw the entire research (methodology, analysis, and interpretation), created all the figures, and wrote the manuscript. SA who is a person of project team helped in data collection and contributed to heavy metal analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ö. Findik.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Editorial responsibility: iskender AKKURT.

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Findik, Ö., Aras, S. Application of the metal pollution indices on surface waters for assessment of environmental risk: a case study for Damsa reservoir (Cappadocia, Türkiye). Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 1689–1698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04102-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04102-1

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