Abstract
The use of plastic is increasing every year and is a major environmental problem. A possible solution to reduce plastic pollution is to convert it into synthetic fuel, which can be achieved by a pyrolysis process. The catalyst used can influence the quality of the pyrolysis products. In the present work, we tested the influence of ZAP USY zeolite on the quality and quantity of pyrolysis oils produced from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene plastic from municipal waste. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a laboratory-scale single batch fixed bed pyrolysis reactor at the temperature of about 400 °C ± 30 °C. The mass ratio of plastic and catalyst was 10:1. The obtained results show that the use of a catalyst reduces the pyrolysis oil production and solid residues’ formation. The use of a catalyst also decreases the calorific value, density, surface tension, and kinematic viscosity of the obtained oils slightly. The use of a catalyst increases the plastic degradation rate, which is evident from the result of the carbon number distribution. The pyrolysis oils obtained by catalytic pyrolysis contain a higher amount of shorter chain molecules than oils obtained by thermal pyrolysis of waste plastic. The obtained results of the analyzed pyrolysis oils indicate that they have a high potential for possible use in internal combustion engines as an additive to conventional fuels, or as their substitute.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) for the financial support in the framework of the Research Program P2-0196 in Power, Process and Environmental Engineering and P2-0118 Textile Chemistry. The authors would like to thank the SILKEM d.o.o. Company for supplying the zeolite used. Many thanks also to Dr. Aljoša Košak and Dr. Marijana Lakić from the Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors (IOS) for their support in determining the zeolite BET surface area. The authors would also like to thank the Universidad de Jaén (UJA, MINECO, Junta de Andalucía, FEDER) for their technical and human support provided by CICT, and to the program of the University of Jaén “Acción 1. Apoyo a las estructuras de investigación de la Universidad de Jaén para incrementar su competitividad atendiendo a sus singularidades.”
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Palomar-Torres, A., Torres-Jimenez, E., Kegl, B. et al. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes for liquid oils’ production using ZAP USY zeolite as a catalyst. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 17–30 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04023-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04023-z