Abstract
The use of agricultural pesticides for agricultural production has led to increase in environmental pollution. Use of pesticides and fertilizers has led to increase in organochlorine pesticides residue concentration and heavy metals. This research is important due to fact that organochlorine pesticides have high resistance to chemical and biological degradation. This study, the trace metals and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residue in vegetables sold in Iwo market were evaluated. Five types of vegetables were used in this study. Gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) were employed in quantitative analysis. Trace metals analysis revealed that Cd and Cr and were not detected in all the samples, while Pb, Cu, Mn and Zn were above WHO/ FAO limit for food samples. Residues of organochlorine were detected in all the vegetable samples except onions. Fifteen isomers of OCPs were detected at varying concentrations. The total burden of OCPs in the samples was in the following order: Ginger˃ Carrot˃ Cabbage˃ Garlic. Total metal burden of the vegetables in decreasing order of Cabbage ˃ Garlic ˃ Carrot ˃ Onion ˃ Ginger. Human exposure to accumulated concentration of OCPs and heavy metals in food via food consumption can be related to several neurological developmental disorder, infertility, reproductive and immune system disorders.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Adeleye AO, Sosan MB, Oyekunle JAO (2019) Dietary exposure assessment of organochlorine pesticides in two commonly grown leafy vegetables in South Western Nigeria. Heliyon 5(6):1–8
Alavanja MCR, Ross MK, Bonner MR (2013) Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicator and others due to pesticide exposure. Cancer J Clin 63:120–142
Amos-Tautau B, Bamidele MW, Onigbinde AO (2014) Estimation of iron, copper and zinc in some vegetables commonly consumed in Amassoma, Niger Delta Nigeria. Pak J Nutr 13(12):742–745
Anzene JS, Tyohemba RL, Ahile UJ, Emezi KS (2014) Organochlorine pesticide residue analysis of postharvest cereal grains in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int J Agron Agric Res 5(5):59–64
Ayella A (2018) Dietary phytochemicals in fiber, fruits and vegetables, why is this still relevant? J Nutr Food Sci 8(1):1–2
Barau BW, Abdulhameed A, Ezra AG, Muhammad M, Kyari EM, Bawa U, Yuguda AU (2018) Heavy metal contamination of some vegetsbles from pesticides and the potential health risk in Bauchi, Northern Nigeria. Int J Sci Technol 7(1):1–11
Best-Ordinioha JC, Ataga EO, Ordinioha B (2017) The effect of the application of different rates of herbicides on the residural level of the herbicides and their metabolites in harvested maize cobs. Port Harcourt Med J 11:122–126
Boakye S, Jonfia- Essien W, Voegborlo BR, Boadi NO (2016) Assessment of organochlorine pesticides in cocoa beans from Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana. J Appl Sci 2(11):211–217
Cechi A, Rovedatti GM, SabinoG MG (2012) Environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides: assessment of endocrine disruption and hepatotoxicity in pregnant women. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 80:280–287
Damalas CA, Eleftherohorinos IG (2011) Pesticide exposure, safety issues and risk assessment indicators. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8:1402–1419
Datti Y, Mukhtar B (2020) determination of the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in five selected leafy vegetables used as relish in Kano State, Nigeria. World J Adv Res Rev 07(02):056–062
Dias JS (2012) Nurritioal Quality and Health Benefits of vegetables: a review. Food Nutriton Sci 03(10):1354–1374
Doherty VF, Sogbanmu TO, Kanife UC, Wright O (2012) Heavy metals in vegetables collected from selected farm and market sites in Lagos, Nigeria. J Environ Sci Toxicol 1(6):137–142
El-Saeid MH, Selim MT (2013) Multiresidue analysis of 86 pesticides using gas chromatography mass Spectroscopy: II - Non-Leafy Vegetables. J Chem 2013:1–10
Fontcuberta M, Arques JF, Villalbi JR, Martinez M, Centrich F, Serrahima E, Pineda L, Duran J, Cassa C (2008) Chlorinated organic pesticides in marketed food: Barcelona, 2001–6. Sci Total Environ 389(1):52–57
Fu JB, Ai GS, Zhang G, Wang I, Peng P, Xiao X, Ran R, Cheng N, Peng ZW, Tang UW (2003) Persistent organic pollutants in environment of the Pearl River Delta, China: an overview. Chemosphere 52:1411–1422
Keagile B, Oarabile M, Wellington RL (2016) Concentrations of some trace elements in vegetables sold at maun market. Botswana J Food Res 6(1):12–19
Kolani L, Gbenonchi M, Komla S (2016) Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable samples from some Agricultural Areas in Togo. Am J Anal Chem 07(04):332–341
Kumar B, Mukherjee DP (2012) Organochlorine residues in vegetables. Int J Veg Sci 18(2):121–136
Miller WR, Sharpe RM (1998) Environmental estrogens and human reproductive cancers. Endocrine Relation Cancers 5:69–96
Monisa J, Tenzin T, Navesh A, Blessu BM, Krishnamurthy ND (2014) Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Department of biotechnology. Sapthagn College of engineering, Bangalore, p 57
Mustapha FA, Jallow DGA, Mohammed SA, Vimala YD, Nisar A (2017) Monitoring of pesticide residues in commonly used fruits and vegetables in Kuwait. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(833):1–12
National Population Commission (2006) Population and Housing Census 2006. https://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3340
Nsikak UB, Aruwajoye I (2011) Assessment of contamination by organochlorinepesticides in Solanum lycopersicum L and Capsicum annuum L A market survey in Nigeria. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 5(6):437–442
Obinna IB, Enyoh C (2019) Monitoring and modelling of heavy metals contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State. South Eastern, Nigeria ChemRxiv, pp 1–20
Olafisoye OB, Adefioye T, Osibote OA (2013) Heavy metals contamination of water, soil, and plants around an electronic waste dumpsite. Pol J Environ Stud 22(5):1431–1439
Oyeyiola AO, Faunsin OT, Akanbi LM, Fadahunsi DE, Moshood MO (2017) Human health risk of organochlorine pesticides in foods grown in Nigeria. J Health Pollut 7(15):63–70
Papa S, Cerullo L, Monaco AD, Bartoli G, Floretto A (2009) Trace elements in fruits and vegetables. Environ Qual 2:79–83
Rahmdel S, Rezael M, Ekhlasi J, Zarei SH, Akhlaghi M, Abdollahzadeh SM, Sefidkar R, Mazloomi SM (2018) Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co) in leafy vegetables collected from production sites: their potential health risk to the general population in Shiraz. Iran Environ Monit Assess 190(11):650–656
Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marsha F (2006) Heavy metal contamination in vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas of Varanasi India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 77:312–318
Taha MEM, Ei-Zorgani GA, El-Hassan AM, Salghi R (2013) Pesticides residues of organochlorine in some common foods cultivated in South Gezira valley (Sudan). J Mater Environ Sci 4(5):621–624
WHO (1996) Permissible limits of heavy metals in soil and plants. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
WHO, FAO (2010) Summary and conclusion, joint FAO/WHO expert committee of food additives. JECFA/73/Sc 73rd meeting, Switzerland Geneva
Acknowledgements
The project is self-funded
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olutona, G.O., Fakunle, I.A. & Adegbola, R.A. Detection of organochlorine pesticides residue and trace metals in vegetables obtained from Iwo market, Iwo, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 4201–4208 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03431-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03431-x