Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Multiuse silicon hybrid polyurea-based polymer for highly effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the growing quantities of numerous toxic and dangerous pollutants, wastewater has created increasing risks. Adsorption is extensively implemented for various wastewater remediation processes owing to its facility, reasonable treatment quality, capable of a large range of adsorbents, and low-cost. Therefore, the in situ polymerization method was successfully used via the reaction of pyromellitic acid dianhydride (PMDA) and N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylene ethylene diamine (TMSPEDA) followed by modification with toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) for the synthesis of silicon hybrid polyurea-based polymer (SiHPUP). Due to its high selectivity, high thermal stability, and total insolubility in water, the hybrid polymer has been used as an outstanding sorbent for heavy metal ions [Co(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III)]. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been used to characterize the hybrid sorbent (SiHPUP). Adsorption studies showed high adsorption of Cr(III) on SiHPUP, followed by Pd(II) and Co(II) at pH 7.5. The process was thermodynamically exothermic. The best-adapted models for the results were Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Kinetic tests provide superior results at lower concentrations of SiHPUP for Cr(III) and Pd(II), while at higher concentrations, Co(II) adsorption was favourable. Highest elution of Pb(II) (94.3%) > Co(II) (92.4%) > Cr(III) (83.1%) with HCl (0.1 M) was demonstrated in desorption studies. The regeneration studies showed a 9, 10, and 16% loss in Cr(III), Co(II), and Pb(II) adsorption, respectively, on SiHPUP, after four consecutive cycles. According to the findings, the fabricated silicon hybrid polyurea-based polymer provides a new insight and optimistic design for heavy metal wastewater purification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Scheme 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aldawsari AM, Alsohaimi IH, Hassan HMA, Berber MR, Abdalla ZEA, Ismail H, Saleh EA, Hameed BH (2020) Activated carbon/MOFs composite:AC/NH2-MIL-101(Cr), synthesis and application in high performance adsorption of p-nitrophenol. J Saudi Chem Soc 24:693–703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alhumaimess MS, Alsohaimi IH, Alqadami AA, Khan MA, Kamel MM, Obaid A, Siddiqui MR, Hamedelniel AE (2019) Recyclable glutaraldehyde cross-linked polymeric tannin to sequester hexavalent uranium from aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 281:29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batool S, Idrees M, Al-Wabel MI, Ahmad M, Hina K, Ullah H, Cui L, Hussain Q (2019) Sorption of Cr(III) from aqueous media via naturally functionalized microporous biochar: Mechanistic study. Microchem J 144:242–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benit Y, Ruiz ML (2002) Reverse osmosis applied to metal finishing wastewater. Desalination 142:229–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biskup B, Subotic B (2004) Kinetic analysis of the exchange processes between sodium ions from zeolite A and cadmium, copper and nickel ions from solutions. Sep Purif Technol 37:17–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohn HL, McNeal BL, O’Connor GA (1985) Soil Chemistry. John Wiely, New York NY USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen T, Zhou Z, Xu S, Wang H, Lu W (2015) Adsorption behavior comparison of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on biochar derived from municipal sludge. Bioresour Technol 190:388–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhu J, Feng J, Yan W (2018) Synergetic effect in a self-doping polyaniline/TiO2 composite for selective adsorption of heavy metal ions. Synth Met 245:32–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cincotti A, Mameli A, Locci AM, Orru R, Cao G (2006) Heavy metals uptake by Sardinian natural zeolites: Experiment and modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:1074–1084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dang VBH, Doan HD, Dang-Vuc T, Lohi A (2009) Equilibrium and kinetics of biosorption of cadmium(II) and copper(II) ions by wheat straw. Bioresour Technol 100:211–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emamjomeh MM, Sivakumar M (2009) Review of pollutants removed by electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation/flotation processes. J Environ Manag 90:1663–1679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esalah OJ, Weber ME, Vera JH (2000) Removal of lead, cadmium and zinc from aqueoussolutions by precipitation with sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate. Can J Chem Eng 78:948–954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson JE (1990) The Heavy Elements: Chemistry Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Pergamon Press, Exeter, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao B, Gao Y, Li Y (2010) Preparation and chelation adsorption property of composite chelating material poly(amidoxime)/SiO2 towards heavy metal ions. Chem Eng J 158:542–549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghurye G, Clifford D, Tripp A (2004) Iron coagulation and direct microfiltration to remove arsenic from groundwater. AWWA 96:143–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gier S, Johns WD (2000) Heavy metal-adsorption on micas and clay minerals studied by X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Appl Clay Sci 16:289–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenlee LF, Lawler DF, Freeman BD, Marrot B, Moulin P (2009) Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today’s challenges. Water Res 43:2317–2348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jessica B, Emmanuel S, Renald B (2020) Heavy Metals in the Environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon 6:e04691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jha MK, Lee J-C, Kim M-S, Jeong J, Kim B-S, Kumar V (2013) Hydrometallurgical recovery/recycling of platinum by the leaching of spent catalysts: A review. Hydrometallurgy 133:23–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin L, Bai R (2002) Mechanisms of lead adsorption on chitosan/PVA hydrogel beads. Langmuir 18:9765–9770

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koppelman MH, Dillard JG (1977) A study of the adsorption of Ni(II) and Cu(II) by clay minerals. Clays Clay Miner 25:457–462

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lertlapwasin R, Bhawawet N, Imyim A, Fuangswasdi S (2010) Ionic liquid extraction of heavy metal ions by 2-aminothiophenol in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and their association constants. Sep Purif Technol 72:70–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud A, Hoadley AF (2012) An evaluation of a hybrid ion exchange electrodialysis process in the recovery of heavy metals from simulated dilute industrial wastewater. Water Res 46:3364–3376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra SP, Singh VK, Tiwari D (1996) Radiotracer technique in adsorption study.14. Efficient removal of mercury from aqueous solutions by hydrous zirconium oxide. Appl. Radiat Isot 47:15–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosaed SA, Ibrahim HA, Ayoub AA, Mahmoud MK, Mu N, Tansir A, Hamed A (2019) Synthesis of phosphorylated raw sawdust for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous medium: Adsorption mechanism for clean approach. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 89:602–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagarale RK, Gohil GS, Shahi VK (2006) Recent developments on ion-exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 119:97–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naushad MU, Alqadami AA, AlOthman ZA, Alsohaimi IH, Algamdi MS, Aldawsari AM (2019) Adsorption kinetics, isotherm and reusability studies for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous medium using arginine modified activated carbon. J Mol Liq 293:111442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O’Dwyer TF (2008) Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: A review. Bioresour Technol 99:6709–6724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan BJ, Pan BC, Zhang MW, Lv L, Zhang QX, Zheng SR (2009) Development of polymeric and polymer-based hybrid adsorbents for pollutants removal from waters. Chem Eng J 151:19–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pang Y, Zeng G, Tang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lei X, Li Z, Zhang J, Xie G (2011) PEI-grafted magnetic porous powder for highly effective adsorption of heavy metal ions. Desalination 281:278–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piri S, Zanjani ZA, Piri F, Zamani A, Yaftian M, Dava M (2016) Potential of polyaniline modified clay nanocomposite as a selective decontamination adsorbent for Pb(II) ions from contaminated waters; kinetics and thermodynamic study. J Environ Health Sci Eng 14(20):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranasinghe SH, Navaratne AN, Priyantha N (2018) Enhancement of adsorption characteristics of Cr(III) and Ni(II) by surface modification of jackfruit peel biosorbent. J Environ Chem Eng 6:5670–5682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Repo E, Warchoł JK, Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2011) Heavy metals adsorption by novel EDTA-modified chitosan-silica hybrid materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 358:261–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubio J, Souza ML, Smith RW (2002) Overview of flotation as a wastewater treatment technique. Miner Eng 15:139–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao D, Chen C, Wang X (2012) Application of polyaniline and multiwalled carbon nanotube magnetic composites for removal of Pb(II). Chem Eng J 185–186:144–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suchithra PS, Vazhayal L, Mohamed AP, Ananthakumar S (2012) Mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels through ultrasonic assisted sol-gel intercalation of silica-PEG in bentonite for effective removal of dyes, volatile organic pollutants and petroleum products from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 200–202:589–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syed S (2012) Recovery of gold from secondary sources—A review. Hydrometallurgy 115–116:30–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uheida A, Salazar-alvarez G, Bjorkman E, Yu Z, Muhammed M 2006 Fe3O4 and γ -Fe2O3 nanoparticles for the adsorption of Co2+ from aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 298: 501–507.

  • Uzun I, Güzel F (2000) Adsorption of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by activated carbon and comparison of percent adsorption results of activated carbon with those of some other adsorbents. Turk J Chem 24:291–297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Zhang J, Wang A (2011) Fast removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption onto chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/attapulgite composite. Desalination 266:33–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Wu XL, Xu W-H, Huang X-J, Liu J-H, Xu A-W (2012) Stable organic-inorganic hybrid of polyaniline/α-zirconium phosphate for efficient removal of organic pollutants in water environment. Appl Mater Interfaces 4:2686–2692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xing M, Xu L, Wang J (2016) Mechanism of Co(II) adsorption by zero valent iron/ graphene nanocomposite. J Hazard Mater 301:286–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yurloval L, Kryvoruchko A, Kornilovich B (2002) Removal of Ni (II) ions from wastewater by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Desalination 144:255–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaitseva N, Zaitsev V, Walcarius A (2013) Chromium(VI) removal via reduction–sorption on bi-functional silica adsorbents. J Hazard Mater 250–251:454–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zewail TM, El-Garf SAM (2010) Preparation of agriculture residue based adsorbents for heavy metal removal. Desalin Water Treat 22:363–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University through Award Number 11257.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, College of Arts & Science, Wadi Al-dawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

    A. M. Aldawsari, I. Hassan & E. A. M. Saleh

  2. Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

    I. H. Alsohaimi & H. M. A. Hassan

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

    H. M. A. Hassan

  4. National Center for Power Generation Technology, Energy and Water Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    A. J. Al-Abduly

Authors
  1. A. M. Aldawsari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. H. Alsohaimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. M. A. Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. J. Al-Abduly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. I. Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. E. A. M. Saleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. H. Alsohaimi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: S.Mirkia.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aldawsari, A.M., Alsohaimi, I.H., Hassan, H.M.A. et al. Multiuse silicon hybrid polyurea-based polymer for highly effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 2925–2938 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03355-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03355-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation