Abstract
Biological decolourization of textile dyes is getting more attention as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique. Bacterial strain Proteus mirabilis has been identified as an effective decolourizer of Reactive Yellow EXF dye. Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to study effects of physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, concentration of dye, agitation and sources of carbon) for the maximum decolourization, and the structural changes caused in the dye due to biological treatments were investigated. Maximum decolourization of the dye was observed at 40 °C and pH 7–8. The highest percentage colour removal of more than 95% at 48 h of incubation was observed in the medium containing 5 g/l yeast extract as the carbon source. Further, this bacterial strain could tolerate high concentrations of dye and decolourize dye solutions of 500 mg/l. Ultraviolet–visible spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses clearly indicated changes in dye structures due to treatment. Compounds formed due to degradation of the dye under static and shaking conditions were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry and found to be non-toxic and benign.
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Acknowledgments
Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Senate Research Committee [Grant Number SRC/CAP/15/03]; University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Authors would also like to thank Intertek Lanka (Pvt.) Ltd, Battaramulla for their support in sample analysis and Mrs. S.M.N.D. Matino for her assistance in analytical studies.
Funding
This research was funded by the Senate Research Committee [Grant Number SRC/CAP/15/03]; University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
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Madhushika, H.G., Ariyadasa, T.U. & Gunawardena, S.H.P. Biodegradation of reactive yellow EXF dye: optimization of physiochemical parameters and analysis of degradation products. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 1683–1694 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03220-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03220-6