Abstract
In this article, the extraction behavior of halogen-free ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate, was investigated in the separation of lead from the aqueous solution. Experimental parameters include time, impact of pH, feed concentration, amount of ionic liquid, ionic strength, and temperature were optimized for the evaluation of the lead extraction. From the optimum conditions, it was emanated that the maximum extraction efficiency of lead was 97% with the feed concentration of 10 ppm in an equilibrium time of 60 min at the pH of 5 and 2 g of the ionic liquid, respectively. Furthermore, the extraction results revealed that the higher efficiency was achieved without the addition of salt and that the extraction process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The metal complexation was formed by the exchange of ionic liquid anion to the aqueous phase, and thereby, the extraction mechanism was proposed. The ionic liquid in the organic phase was stripped using sodium sulfate as a stripping agent. FTIR analysis confirmed the recoverable ionic liquid and effectively reused it five times in the course of extraction. From the analysis, it was authenticated that the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate, was an effective extractant for the elimination of lead (II) and could be employed for the tertiary treatment of industrial wastes.
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Abbreviations
- IL:
-
Ionic liquid
- [BMIM][OCTSO4]:
-
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate
- ∆G ° :
-
Change in standard Gibb’s energy
- ∆H ° :
-
Change in enthalpy
- ∆S °° :
-
Change in entropy
- D :
-
Distribution coefficient
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, for providing their facilities to carry out the work successfully.
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BLA has conceptualized and supervised the study; the work was performed by VR. They both have prepared the original draft, reviewed and edited. VR was involved in methodology, formal analysis, investigation original draft preparation, writing, review, and editing. VR and BLA carried out their work in Ionic Liquid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai.
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Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.
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Rajadurai, V., Anguraj, B. . A systematic approach of using green solvent for the extraction of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 1369–1382 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03126-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03126-3