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Effects of waterborne mercury at different temperatures on hematology and energy metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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Abstract

Aquatic ecosystem is greatly affected by metal pollution and global climate change. Mercury (Hg) is one of the most common metal pollutants that pose harmful effects to organisms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of water temperature and Hg2+ on hematological parameters, such as red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) and some indexes involved in energy metabolism, including hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), electron transport system (ETS) and Na–K-ATPase in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish (45.37 ± 3.58 g) were acclimated to 15, 20, 25, 30 or 35 °C and co-exposed to 0.000 or 0.039 mg/L Hg2+ for 4 weeks. Three-way ANOVA revealed that all variables were significantly affected by water temperature, Hg2+ concentration, exposure time and their interactions, except the RBCs value corresponding Hg*Time condition. Based on the significant changes of hematological parameters in Hg2+-free groups, the best health status in fish was approximately at 25 °C, appreciating physiological dysregulation in fish under too low (15 °C)/high (35 °C) temperature, especially at 35 °C. Although our data provide evidences that increased temperatures can potentiate Hg2+ toxicity, the combined effects of temperature and metals on aquatic organisms are complex and unpredictable, so we should not ignore the role of environmental factors (such as temperature) while evaluating the harmful effects of metals on aquatic ecosystem.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China

    Z.-H. Li & P. Li

  2. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China

    Z.-H. Li & Y. Wu

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  1. Z.-H. Li
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  2. P. Li
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Correspondence to Z.-H. Li.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animals rights

All procedures and animal handling were in accordance with the guidelines: OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No.204: “Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-day Study,” adopted April 4, 1984, and OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No.215: “Fish, Juvenile Growth Test,” adopted January 21, 2000. And the study was approved by the animal ethics committee of Shandong University.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Editorial responsibility: Jing Chen.

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Li, ZH., Li, P. & Wu, Y. Effects of waterborne mercury at different temperatures on hematology and energy metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 1489–1498 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02906-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02906-7

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