Abstract
Various studies and arrangements have been made in recent years to reduce the effect of refrigerants used in cooling and heating systems on climate change. Environmentally friendly refrigerants with low global warming potential are required to reduce the negative impact of air-conditioning systems on climate change. HFO and HFC/HFO refrigerant mixtures (such as R513A) are thought to replace HFC refrigerants and are also commercially produced recently. In this study, R134a, R1234yf and R513A refrigerants have been investigated theoretically and experimentally under the same operating conditions. Refrigerants were tested at the same evaporator (− 10 °C, − 5 °C and 0 °C) and condenser (35 °C) temperatures. In addition, life cycle climate performance assessment analyses of refrigerants were performed. It is found that when the evaporator temperature is − 10 °C and − 5 °C, R513A has a higher COPHP than R134a. However, R513A has a lower COPHP than R134a at 0 °C the evaporator temperature. R1234yf has a high COPHP compared to R134a at the − 10 °C evaporator temperature while it has a low COPHP at − 5 °C and 0 °C evaporator temperatures. R513A and R1234yf refrigerants have 14.45% and 17.16% less emissions than R134a, respectively.
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Abbreviations
- \( \dot{W}_{\text{comp}} \) :
-
Compressor power consumption (kW)
- \( \dot{m}_{\text{ref}} \) :
-
Refrigerant mass flow rate (kg s−1)
- \( \dot{Q}_{\text{c}} \) :
-
Heating capacity (kW)
- h :
-
Enthalpy (kJ kg−1)
- COPHP :
-
Eat pump coefficient of performance (–)
- VCC:
-
Volumetric cooling capacity (kJ m−3)
- VHC:
-
Volumetric heating capacity (kJ m−3)
- \( \rho \) :
-
Density (kg m−3)
- C :
-
Refrigerant charge (kg)
- L :
-
Life time of heat pump (year)
- ALR:
-
Annual leakage rate (% of refrigerant charge)
- EOL:
-
End-of-life refrigerant leakage (% of refrigerant charge)
- GWP:
-
Global warming potential (kgCO2 kg−1)
- GWPadp :
-
GWP of atmospheric degradation product of the refrigerant (kgCO2 kg−1)
- AEC:
-
Annual energy consumption (kWh year−1)
- EM:
-
Electric power plant emission factor (kgCO2 kWh−1)
- m :
-
Mass of material (kg)
- MM:
-
CO2 produced/kg of material (kgCO2 kg−1)
- m r :
-
Mass of recycled material (kg)
- RM:
-
CO2 produced/kg of recycled material (kgCO2 kg−1)
- RFM:
-
Refrigerant manufacturing emissions (kgCO2 kg−1)
- RFD:
-
Refrigerant disposal emissions (kgCO2 kg−1)
- HFC:
-
Hydrofluorocarbon
- HFO:
-
Hydrofluoroolefin
- ODP:
-
Ozone depletion potential
- GWP:
-
Global warming potential
- LCCP:
-
Life cycle climate performance
- TEWI:
-
Total equivalent warming impact
- yr:
-
Year
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Yıldız, A., Yıldırım, R. Investigation of using R134a, R1234yf and R513A as refrigerant in a heat pump. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 1201–1210 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02857-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02857-z