Abstract
This study reports for the first time the uranium (U) determination in industrial effluents by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry using triazene compound as a binder. Analyses were performed in 0.01 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 4.4), and the binder used was 1-methyl-3-(p-carboxyphenyl)triazene 1-oxide with the complex reduction peak at − 0.38 V. A detection limit of 0.06 and a quantification limit of 0.20 µg L−1 were achieved. The recovery values of spiked samples were between 80 and 100% (RSD less than 10.4%), and the concentration range from 0.35 to 7 μg L−1 was linear (r2 = 0.99). The values of U quantified in the samples INB-01, INB-02, INB-03 and INB-04 were 10.74, 30.58, 58.21 and 956.56 μg L−1, respectively. The complex formed is irreversibly reduced on the electrode surface, with the transfer of two electrons, and the process is controlled by diffusion. Additionally, it is suggested that the U(VI) center coordinates itself to the N and O atoms of six triazene groups forming stable five-membered rings with coordination number equal to twelve and icosahedral geometry.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Agrahari S, Kumar S, Srivastava A (2009) Development of a carbon paste electrode containing Benzo-15-Crown-5 for trace determination of teh Uranyl ion by using a voltammetric technique. J AOAC Int 92:241–247
Amoroso AJ et al (1996) Complexes of a hexadentate podand ligand with actinides. Polyhedron 15:2023–2027. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(95)00451-3
Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (2001) Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York
Beck J, Hörner M, Dittmann G (2009) A macrocyclic bistriazene and its complexes with divalent metal ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 28:4314–4319. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200900470
Bhalara PD, Punetha D, Balasubramanian K (2014) A review of potential remediation techniques for uranium(VI) ion retrieval from contaminated aqueous environment. J Environ Chem Eng 2:1621–1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.06.007
Bhattacharyya KG, Gupta SS (2008) Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 140:114–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2007.12.008
Brandès S et al (2015) Conformational and structural studies of N-methylacetohydroxamic acid and of its mono- and bis-chelated uranium(VI) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 151:164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.002
Catalano JG, Brown GE (2005) Uranyl adsorption onto montmorillonite: evaluation of binding sites and carbonate complexation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:2995–3005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.025
Cha KW, Park CIL, Park SH (2000) Simultaneous determination of trace uranium(VI) and zinc(II) by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with aluminon ligand. Talanta 52:983–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00472-0
Cheng T et al (2004) Effects of phosphate on uranium(VI) adsorption to goethite-coated sand. Environ Sci Technol 38:6059–6065. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040388o
CNEN (2014) Norma CNEN NN 8.01:Gerência de rejeitos radioativos de baixo e médio níveis de radiação. http://appasp.cnen.gov.br/seguranca/normas/pdf/Nrm802.pdf. Accessed 22 May 2019
CONAMA (2005) Resolution 357/2005. http://www2.mma.gov.br/port/conama/legiabre.cfm?codlegi=459. Accessed 22 May 2019
Constant M, Van Den Berg G, Zi Qiang H (1984) Determination of uranium(VI) in sea water by cathodic stripping voltammetry of complexes with catechol. Anal Chim Acta 164:209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85632-9
Cordeiro C et al (2016) Uranium accumulation in aquatic macrophytes in an uraniferous region: relevance to natural attenuation. Chemosphere 156:76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.105
Craft ES et al (2004) Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effects. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 7:297–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400490452714
Crawford SE, Liber K (2016) Sediment properties influencing the bioavailability of uranium to chironomus dilutus larvae in spiked field sediments. Chemosphere 148:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.123
Crawford SE, Lofts S, Liber K (2017) The role of sediment properties and solution pH in the adsorption of uranium(VI) to freshwater sediments. Environ Pollut 220:873–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.071
Daneshvar G et al (2009) Determination of uranium and thorium in natural waters by ICP-OES after on-line solid phase extraction and preconcentration in the presence of 2,3-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-1,4-antracenedion. J Anal Chem 64:602–608. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934809060112
Dos Santos AJRWA et al (2007) Crystal structure of 3-Phenyl-1-methyltriazene 1-oxide. Anal Sci X-Ray Struct Anal Online 23:251–252. https://doi.org/10.2116/analscix.23.x251
Dos Santos AJRWA et al (2014) Triazene 1-oxide compounds: synthesis, characterization and evaluation as fluorescence sensor for biological applications. J Mol Struct 1060:264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.055
Durakoviae A, Duraković A (1999) Medical effects of internal contamination with uranium. Croat Med J 40:1–47
EPA (2001) Radionuclides rule: a quick reference guide. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/radionuclides-rule. Accessed 22 May 2019
Favas PJC et al (2014) Accumulation of uranium by aquatic plants in field conditions: prospects for phytoremediation. Sci Total Environ 470:993–1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.067
Favas PJC et al (2016) Biogeochemistry of uranium in the soil-plant and water-plant systems in an old uranium mine. Sci Total Environ 568:350–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.024
Fernandes HM, Franklin MR, Veiga LH (1998) Acid rock drainage and radiological environmental impacts. A study case of the uranium mining and milling facilities at Poços de Caldas. Waste Manage 18:169–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00019-1
Fernandes HM, Franklin MR, Gomiero LA (2008) Critical analysis of the waste management performance of two uranium production units in Brazil—part I: poços de Caldas production centre. J Environ Manage 87:59–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.045
Fujino O, Umetani S, Matsui T (1994) Determination of uranium in apatite minerals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after solvent extraction and separation with 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone into diisobutyl ketone. Anal Chim Acta 296:63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)85150-6
Fujino O et al (2000) Determination of uranium and thorium in apatite minerals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with solvent extraction separation into diisobutyl ketone. Anal Chim Acta 420:65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01007-2
Gautier C et al (2013) Zr and U determination at trace level in simulated deep groundwater by Q ICP-MS using extraction chromatography. Talanta 106:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.019
Gerber U et al (2018) Metabolism-dependent bioaccumulation of uranium by Rhodosporidium toruloides isolated from the flooding water of a former uranium mine. PLoS ONE 13:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201903
Ghoreishi SM et al (2012) Uranyl sensor based on a N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-2-hydroxy- phenylmethanediamine and multiwall carbon nanotube electrode. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 293:201–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/2Fs10967-012-1756-4
Grabarczyk M, Koper A (2011) Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of uranium: elimination of interferences from surface active substances and application to the determination in natural water samples. Anal Methods 3:1046–1050. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1AY05043E
Himri MEL, Pastor A, Delaguardia M (2000) Determination of uranium in tap water by ICP-MS. Fresenius’ J Anal Chem 367:151–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160051616
Hörner M et al (2004) Cis-Bis[1,3-bis(2-fluorophenyl)triazenido-κ2 N1, N3]bis(pyridine-κN)cadmium(II). Acta Crystallogr Sect C-Cryst Struct 60:140–142. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270104002380
Hörner M, De Oliveira GM, Dos Santos AJRWA (2007) Stabilization of substituted triazenide oxides: synthesis and X-ray structural features of polymeric potassium 3-(4-carboxylatophenyl)-1- methyltriazene N-oxide-hydrate, {K[O2C-C6H4-N(H)NN(CH3)O]·4H2O}n. Z Anorg Allg Chem 633:971–973. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200700016
Hörner M et al (2008) 1-D supramolecular arrangement of [{C6H5NNN(O)C6H5}V(O)2(C5H5N)] and [{O2NC6H4NNN(O)C6H5}V(O)2(C5H5N)] through hydr bonding—stab of cis-dioxovanadium(V)(pyridyne) fragments with 1,3-disubst triazenido 1-oxide anions as ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 634:1058–1062. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200700585
Jemison NE et al (2016) Uranium isotopic fractionation induced by U(VI) adsorption onto common aquifer minerals. Environ Sci Technol 50:12232–12240. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03488
Jha VN et al (2016) Uptake of uranium by aquatic plants growing in fresh water ecosystem around uranium mill tailings pond at Jaduguda, India. Sci Total Environ 539:175–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.120
Kadam BV, Maiti B, Sathe RM (1981) Selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of uranium(VI). Analyst 106:724–726
Kalin M, Wheeler WN, Meinrath G (2004) The removal of uranium from mining waste water using algal/microbial biomass. J Environ Radioact 78:151–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.05.002
Kefala G, Economou A, Voulgaropoulos A (2006) Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace uranium with a bismuth-film electrode based on the U(VI) → U(V) reduction step of the uranium-cupferron complex. Electroanalysis 18:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200503386
Khadro B, Jaffrezic-Renault N (2010) A miniaturized system for ultratrace uranium analysis in waters. Procedia Eng 5:1212–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.330
Khayatzadeh Mahani M et al (2008) Simultaneous determination of thorium and uranyl ions by optode spectra and chemometric techniques. Sens Actuators B Chem 133:632–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.03.030
Komersová A et al (1998) Indirect determination of uranium traces by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with arsenazo III. Electroanalysis 10:442–445. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199805)10:6<442::AID-ELAN442>3.0.CO;2-R
Krachler R et al (2018) Uranium concentrations in sediment pore waters of Lake Neusiedl, Austria. Sci Total Environ 633:981–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.259
Kurttio P et al (2002) Renal effects of uranium in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 110:337–342. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110337
Laurette J et al (2012a) Speciation of uranium in plants upon root accumulation and root-to-shoot translocation: a XAS and TEM study. Environ Exper Bot 77:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.11.005
Laurette J et al (2012b) Influence of uranium speciation on its accumulation and translocation in three plant species: oilseed rape, sunflower and wheat. Environ Exper Bot 77:96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.11.007
Malaviya P, Singh A (2012) Phytoremediation strategies for remediation of uranium-contaminated environments: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 42:2575–2647. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.592761
Manzoni De Oliveira G et al (2011) New chelate complexes of trivalent y and lanthanides (Eu, Ho, Yb) with a triazene N-oxide: synthesis, structural characterization and luminescence properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 366:203–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2010.11.007
Markich SJ (2013) Water hardness reduces the accumulation and toxicity of uranium in a freshwater macrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum). Sci Total Environ 443:582–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.038
Mibus J et al (2007) Migration of uranium(IV)/(VI) in the presence of humic acids in quartz sand: a laboratory column study. J Contam Hydrol 89:199–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.005
Morrison SJ, Spangler RR, Tripathi VS (1995) Adsorption of uranium(VI) on amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide at high concentrations of dissolved carbon(IV) and sulfur(VI). J Contam Hydrol 17:333–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(94)00039-K
Nehete SV et al (2017) Ultraviolet-B radiation mobilizes uranium from uranium-dissolved organic carbon complexes in aquatic systems, demonstrated by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 1496:105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.042
Newsome L, Morris K, Lloyd JR (2014) The biogeochemistry and bioremediation of uranium and other priority radionuclides. Chem Geol 363:164–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.034
Nóbrega FA, Lima HM, De Leite ADOL (2008) Análise de múltiplas variáveis no fechamento de mina: estudo de caso da pilha de estéril BF-4, Mina Osamu Utsumi, INB Caldas Minas Gerais. Rem Ver Esc Minas 61:197–202
Oguma K, Suzuki T, Saito K (2011) Determination of uranium in seawater by flow-injection preconcentration on dodecylamidoxime-impregnated resin and spectrophotometric detection. Talanta 84:1209–1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.020
Paraginski GL et al (2016) 1-(2-biphenyl)-3-methyltriazenide-N-oxide as a template for intramolecular copper(II)···arene-π interactions. J Mol Struct 1104:79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.09.034
Pedrobom JH et al (2017) In situ speciation of uranium in treated acid mine drainage using the diffusion gradients in thin films technique (DGT). Chemosphere 169:249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.082
Pereira MRG et al (2004) Cytotoxicity of catechol towards human glioblastoma cells via superoxide and reactive quinones generation. J Bras Patol Med Lab 40:280–285. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-24442004000400012
Pereira E, Gomide RG, Pires MAF (2015) Analytical method development and validation for quantification of uranium by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for routine quality control analysis. https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/47/013/47013710.pdf
Piech R, Baśb Kubiak WW (2008) The cyclic renewable mercury film silver based electrode for determination of molybdenum(VI) traces using adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Talanta 76:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.038
Pinto PF (1995) Caracterização dos processos geoquímicos atuantes na moblilizaçãode radionuclideos e metais na bacia de rejeito do complexo mínero-industrial de Poços de Caldas-MG. Dissertation, Fluminense Federal University. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20143507
Rashidi NH et al (2015) A novel mercury-free stripping voltammetric sensor for uranium based on electropolymerized N-phenylanthranilic acid film electrode. Sens Actuators B Chem 215:360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.03.086
Ren X et al (2010) Influence of contact time, pH, soil humic/fulvic acids, ionic strength and temperature on sorption of U(VI) onto MX-80 bentonite. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 283:253–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-009-0323-0
Rodrigues G et al (2013) Uranium deposition in bones of wistar rats associated with skeleton development. Appl Radiat Isot 82:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.07.033
Rosini F, Matos WO, Santos MC, Nóbrega JA (2006) Resolução CONAMA No 357 e Técnicas espectroanalíticas: meios adequados aos fins. Rev Anal 22:74–85
Sabarudin A et al (2007) Application of chitosan functionalized with 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid moiety for on-line preconcentration and determination of trace elements in water samples. Microchim Acta 159:341–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0734-y->
Sachs S, Bernhard G (2008) Sorption of U(VI) onto an artificial humic substance-kaolinite-associate. Chemosphere 72:1441–1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.027
Salbu B, Skipperud L (2009) Speciation of radionuclides in the environment. J Environ Radioact 100:281–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.12.008
Sander S, Wagner W, Henze G (1995) Direct determination of uranium traces by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 305:154–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)00481-Z
Santos JS et al (2010) Uranium determination using atomic spectrometric techniques: an overview. Anal Chim Acta 674:143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.010
Santos AJRWA et al (2016) Inorganic and organic structures as interleavers among [bis(1-methyl-3-(p-carboxylatephenyl)triazenide 1-oxide)Ni(II)] complexes to form supramolecular arrangements. J Mol Struct 1125:426–432
Satpati AK et al (2010) Stripping voltammetric determination of uranium traces in sea water samples: effect of surfactants on the measurements. Anal Lett 43:644–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032710903406904
Savvin SB (1961) Analytical use of arsenazo III: determination of thorium, zirconium, uranium and rare earth elements. Talanta 8:673–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(61)80164-1
Souza A, Silveira CS, Pereira RM (2013) Contribuições dos metais provenientes das pilhas de rejeito da mina Osamu Utsumi a drenagens do Complexo Alcalino de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Geochim Bras 27:63–76. https://doi.org/10.5327/Z0102-9800201300010006
Turner KM et al (2017) Uranyl peroxide nanoclusters at high-pressure. J Mater Res 32:3679–3688. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.301
Ullah A, Khalil I, Kibria AKMF (2015) Determination of uranium in stones by stripping voltammetry following adsorptive accumulation of the U(VI) -chloranilic acid complex. Int Res J Eng Tech 2:705–712
Veeranna V, Prasad MVVV, Jonnadula A (2016) Analytical determination of uranium (VI) by spectrophotometry. Int J Adv Res Chem Sci 3:1–6. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0305001
Wang J et al (1994) Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace uranium: critical comparison of various chelating agents. Anal Chim Acta 292:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)00067-0
Wang Y et al (2008) Electrochemical sensors for clinic analysis. Sensors 8:2043–2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042043
WHO (2012) Uranium in drinking-water: background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/uranium/en/. Accessed 22 May 2019
Xinwei H et al (2018) Bioremediation of effluent from a uranium mill tailings repository in South China by Azolla-Anabaena. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 317:739–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-5934-x
Yoshii H et al (2018) Evaluation of total-reflection X-ray fluorescence measurements for the prospective determination of uranium in the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant reactor. Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc 148:183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.07.004
Zhirong L, Shaoqi Z (2010) Effect of pH on the adsorption of uranyl ions by peat moss. Adsorpt Sci Technol 28:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1260/0263-6174.28.3.243
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil for the samples and CAB English Lessons for the English correction.
Funding
One part of this research received financial contribution of FAPERGS/CNPq—PRONEX – Processo No. 16/2551-0000477-3.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: Hari Pant.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Oliveira, C., Aquino, S.A., Giacomini, G.X. et al. Uranium determination in industrial effluents by voltammetric method using triazene 1-oxide as an alternative binder. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 1271–1280 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02549-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02549-3