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Separation of ternary sodium chloride/Reactive Black-5 aqueous solutions using two different modules in a nanofiltration pilot plant

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Abstract

Nanofiltration of ternary mixtures of sodium chloride and aqueous solutions of Reactive Black-5 was studied in two different modules, namely, flat sheet and spiral wound over a wide range of operating conditions. Hydrophilized polyamide membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 150 was used for the experiments. Combined effect of dye and salt concentration, trans-membrane pressure drop, initial pH of feed solution on the permeate flux, and observed retention were investigated. Extent of color removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solid (TDS), and conductivity were determined to assess performance of the membrane. The experimental results showed that both the permeate flux and observed retention decreased with increase in dye as well as salt concentration in the feed. Permeate fluxes were lower at higher pH values. Substantial removal of color was achieved in the nanofiltration experiments with a marked reduction in COD and TDS. The process allowed the production of permeate stream with great reutilization possibilities.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. V. S. Patel, Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre for Applied Research and Testing (SICART), Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, and Dr. N. H. Khan of Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, for their valuable help.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India

    T. M. Patel & K. Nath

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  1. T. M. Patel
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  2. K. Nath
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Correspondence to K. Nath.

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Patel, T.M., Nath, K. Separation of ternary sodium chloride/Reactive Black-5 aqueous solutions using two different modules in a nanofiltration pilot plant. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11, 1237–1248 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0283-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0283-3

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