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Alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluid as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Objective

Whether alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluids can be used for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains in controversy. This study evaluates diagnostic potential of alpha-synuclein for PD in various peripheral body fluids using a meta-analysis approach.

Methods

Studies published before October 2022 were searched in Web of Science and PubMed databases. The results were computed using the STATA 12.0 statistical software.

Results

In plasma, PD patients exhibited elevated alpha-synuclein levels relative to healthy controls (HCs) [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42 to 1.15] with a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64–0.89) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.98). Higher plasma alpha-synuclein levels were correlated with longer disease durations, higher Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor scores, and higher Hoehn and Yahr stages in PD patients. Plasma neural-derived exosomal alpha-synuclein levels (SMD = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.30 to 3.35), ratio of plasma neural-derived exosomal alpha-synuclein to total alpha-synuclein (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.33), and erythrocytic alpha-synuclein levels were also increased in PD patients (SMD = 6.57, 95% CI = 3.55 to 9.58). In serum, there was no significant difference in alpha-synuclein levels between PD patients and HCs (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = − 0.27 to 1.34). In saliva, reduced alpha-synuclein levels were observed in PD patients (SMD = − 0.85, 95% CI = − 1.67 to − 0.04).

Conclusions

Alpha-synuclein levels in plasma, plasma neural-derived exosome, erythrocyte, and saliva may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD.

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Data availability

The data that supports our study are shown in the article and supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81901108), the Talent Program of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (23YJRC21), and Beijing Henji Health Management and Development Foundation (No. HJKY2023002-015).

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81901108), the Talent Program of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (23YJRC21), and Beijing Henji Health Management and Development Foundation (No. HJKY2023002-015).

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  1. Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China

    Hao Shu

  2. Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300041, China

    Pengcheng Zhang

  3. Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Lihua Gu

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LG and HS designed, organized, and execute the project; LG and PZ designed, executed, and reviewed the statistical analysis. HS and LG wrote and reviewed the manuscript.

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Shu, H., Zhang, P. & Gu, L. Alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluid as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Belg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-023-02452-2

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