Abstract
Two new brachypterous species of the genus Scotussa, with restricted distributions, are described for one of the most important and greatly threatened biodiversity hotspots, the Atlantic Forest. These species belong to the genus group Scotussae, a diverse group regarding mobility and oviposition habits. It has been mentioned that these characteristics could lead to restrictions in the species distribution. Based on these antecedents and considering the importance of biodiversity conservation within the Atlantic Forest, we performed novel conservation indices for this group. The rapid assessment indices calculated herein are based upon Red List status, endemism, dispersal capacity, and life-history traits that allowed us to identify areas for conservation for this group of grasshoppers. For a better understanding of the conservation status of the group, the results of the indices were compared with protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas. Moreover, historical biome stability was also considered since it has been associated with different distributional and diversification patterns within the genus group Scotussae. The approach applied indicates that the indices recovered different but complementary information. The Grasshopper Biotic Index (GBI) determined important regions for conservation within the richest region of the group while the GBI/SiteScore located regions with lower diversity values for the group but with high importance regarding endemisms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwala SBD (1952) A comparative study of the ovipositor in the Acrididae - I. Indian J Entomol 14:61–75
Agarwala SBD (1953) A comparative study of the ovipositor in the Acrididae - II. Indian J Entomol 15:53–69
Baldi G, Schauman S, Texeira M et al (2019) Nature representation in South American protected areas: country contrasts and conservation priorities. PeerJ 2019:1–23. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7155
Bazelet CS, Thompson AC, Naskrecki P (2016) Testing the efficacy of global biodiversity hotspots for insect conservation: the case of South African katydids. PLoS ONE 11:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160630
Behling H, Pillar VD (2007) Late Quaternary vegetation, biodiversity and fire dynamics on the southern Brazilian highland and their implication for conservation and management of modern Araucaria forest and grassland ecosystems. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B. Biol Sci 362:243–251
BirdLife International (2021) Digital boundaries of Key Biodiversity Areas from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. March 2021 Version. Available at http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/requestgis. Accessed March 2021
Braker HE (1989) Evolution and ecology of oviposition on host plants by acridoid grasshoppers. Biol J Linn Soc 38:389–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01584.x
Carbonell CS (1964) Etología y ontogenia dc Paulinia acuminata (DG.), (Acridoidea, Pauliniidae) en el Uruguay. Revista De La Sociedad Uruguaya Entomológica 6:39–48
Cassini MH (2011) Ranking threats using species distribution models in the IUCN Red List assessment process. Biodivers Conserv 20:3689–3692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0126-9
Cigliano MM (2007) Review of the South American genus Eurotettix Bruner (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Melanoplinae). Syst Entomol 32:176–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00353.x
Cigliano MM (1997) Ronderosia, a new genus of south american Melanoplinae (orthptera, Acrididae). J Orthopeta Res 6:1–19
Cigliano MM, Braun H, Eades DC, Otte D (2021) Orthoptera species file. Version 5.0/5.0. <http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org>. Accessed January 2021
Cigliano MM, Lange CE (2001) Revision of the South American Genus Atrachelacris Giglio-Tos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Melanoplinae). Trans Am Entomol Soc 127:359–370
Cigliano MM, Ronderos RA (1994) Revision of the South American Grasshopper Genera Leiotettix Bruner and Scotussa Giglio- Tos (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). Trans Am Entomol Soc 120:145–180
Cigliano MM, Ronderos RA, Kemp WP (1996) Phylogenetic relationships of Scotussa and Leiotettix (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Cladistics 12:125–138
Cigliano MMMM, Lange CE (2007) Systematic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the South American genus Chlorus (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Melanoplinae). Zool Scr 36:241–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00274.x
Colombo AF, Joly CA (2010) Brazilian Atlantic Forest lato sensu: the most ancient Brazilian forest, and a biodiversity hotspot, is highly threatened by climate change. Brazilian J Biol 70:697–708. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000400002
Costa GC, Hampe A, Ledru MP et al (2018) Biome stability in South America over the last 30 kyr: Inferences from long-term vegetation dynamics and habitat modelling. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 27:285–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12694
Dalsgaard B, Magård E, Fjeldså J, et al (2011) Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity. PLoS One 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025891
Descamps M (1976) La faune dendrophile neotropicale. I. Revue des Proctolabinae (Orth. Acrididar). Acrida 5:63–165
Descamps M (1985) Revue préliminaire de la tribu des Copiocerini (Orth. Acrididar). Mém. Mus. natl. hist. nat. Sér A Zool 130:1–39
de Lima RAF, Oliveira AA, Pitta GR et al (2020) The erosion of biodiversity and biomass in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Nat Commun 11:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20217-w
Do TH, Krott M, Juerges N, Böcher M (2018) Red lists in conservation science-policy interfaces: a case study from Vietnam. Biol Conserv 226:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.016
Graham CH, Moritz C, Williams SE (2006) Habitat history improves prediction of biodiversity in rainforest fauna. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:632–636. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505754103
Grant PBC, Samways MJ (2011) Micro-hotspot determination and buffer zone value for Odonata in a globally significant biosphere reserve. Biol Conserv 144:772–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.008
Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD et al (2020) Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity. Nat Commun 11:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
Haddad NM, Brudvig LA, Clobert J, Davies KF, Gonzalez A, Holt RD, Lovejoy TE et al (2015) Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Sci Adv 1:e1500052
Hilliard JR (1982) Endophytic oviposition by Leptysma marginicollis marginicollis and Stenacris vitreipennis (Orthoptera: Acrididac: Leptysminae) with life history notes. Trans Am Entomol Soc 108:153–180
Hochkirch A (1998) A comparison of the grasshopper fauna (Orthoptera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) of the Uluguru mountains and the East Usambara mountains. Tanzania J East Afr Nat Hist 87:221–232
Jansson R, Dynesius M (2002) The fate of clades in a world of recurrent climatic change: Milankovitch oscillations and evolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:741–777. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150520
Knight AT, Smith RJ, Cowling RM et al (2007) Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. Bioscience 57:256–261. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570309
Lamoreux J, Akçakaya HR, Bennun L, Collar NJ, Boitani L, Brackett D, Rylands AB (2003) Value of the IUCN red list. Trends Ecol Evol 18:214–215
Ledru MP, Mourguiart P, Riccomini C (2009) Related changes in biodiversity, insolation and climate in the Atlantic rainforest since the last interglacial. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 271:140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.008
Leite YLR, Costa LP, Loss AC et al (2016) Neotropical forest expansion during the last glacial period challenges refuge hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113:1008–1013. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513062113
Matenaar D, Bazelet CS, Hochkirch A (2015) Simple tools for the evaluation of protected areas for the conservation of grasshoppers. Biol Conserv 192:192–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.023
McKinney ML (2008) Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals. Urban Ecosyst 11:161–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-007-0045-4
Metzger JP (2009) Conservation issues in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biol Conserv 142:1138–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.012
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG et al (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858
Pocco ME, Minutolo C, Dinghi PA et al (2015) Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data. Zool J Linn Soc 174:733–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12251
Pocco ME, Guzmán N, Plischuk S et al (2018) Diversification patterns of the grasshopper genus Zoniopoda Stål (Romaleidae, Acridoidea, Orthoptera) in open vegetation biomes of South America. Syst Entomol 43:290–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12277
QGIS Development Team (2021) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org
Ribeiro MC, Martensen AC, Metzger JP, et al (2011) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: a shrinking biodiversity hotspot Milton. In: F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.) (ed) Biodiversity hotspots. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp 277–293
Ribeiro MC, Metzger JP, Martensen AC et al (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: how much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biol Conserv 142:1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.021
Rizzini CT. (1997) Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil. 2 ed. Ambito Cultural Edições Ltda.
Rodrigues ASL, Pilgrim JD, Lamoreux JF et al (2006) The value of the IUCN Red List for conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 21:71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.010
Sandel B, Arge L, Dalsgaard B, Davies RG, Gaston KJ, Sutherland WJ, Svenning JC (2011) The influence of Late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism. Science 334:660–664
Scattolini MC, Lira-Noriega A, Cigliano MM (2020a) Species richness, range size, and wing development in South American melanopline grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ecol Entomol 45:. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12859
Scattolini MCMC, Lira-Noriega A, Confalonieri VAVA et al (2020b) Biogeographical patterns and processes in the genus group Scotussae (Acrididae: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach. Biol J Linn Soc 131:417–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa100
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD) (2010) COP-10 Decision X/2 Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Nagoya: UNEP. Available at https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-10/cop-10-dec-22-en.pdf. Accessed March 2021
Simaika JP, Samways MJ (2009) Reserve selection using Red Listed taxa in three global biodiversity hotspots: dragonflies in South Africa. Biol Conserv 142:638–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.012
Slatyer RA, Hirst M, Sexton JP (2013) Niche breadth predicts geographical range size: a general ecological pattern. Ecol Lett 16:1104–1114. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12140
Smith PGR, Theberge JB (1986) A review of criteria for evaluating natural areas. Environ Manage 10:715–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867726
Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Dragonfly Biotic Index to a katydid ( Tettigoniidae ) rapid assessment technique : case study of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. J Orthoptera Res 26:63–71
Uehara-Prado M, de Fernandes J, O, Bello A de M, et al (2009) Selecting terrestrial arthropods as indicators of small-scale disturbance: a first approach in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biol Conserv 142:1220–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.008
UNEP-WCMC (2017) World Database on Protected Areas User Manual 1.5. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. Available at: http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual. Accessed June 2020
Uvarov BP (1977) Grasshoppers and Locusts: a handbook of general acridology. Vol 2. Behaviour, ecology, biogeography, population dynamics. Cambridge: CORP.
Watson JEM, Dudley N, Segan DB, Hockings M (2014) The performance and potential of protected areas. Nature 515:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13947
Weiss N, Zucchi H, Hochkirch A (2013) The effects of grassland management and aspect on Orthoptera diversity and abundance: site conditions are as important as management. Biodivers Conserv 22:2167–2178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0398-8
Young RP, Hudson MA, Terry AMR et al (2014) Accounting for conservation: using the IUCN Red List Index to evaluate the impact of a conservation organization. Biol Conserv 180:84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.039
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the following curators for the loan of materials: M. A. Monne Barrios and Pedro Barrios de Souza Diaz (Museo Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Eliana Marques Cancello – (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil).
Nomenclature
Zoobank LSID: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:10C911D0-D8A6-4AC8-A2FD-3AD51407973.
Funding
Financial support was provided by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
M.C.S. and M.M.C. conceived the ideas; M.C.S. and M.M.C. gathered the data; M.C.S. and M.E.P. carried out the analyses and visualization. All authors contributed to the writing, revision, and editing of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Edited by José A Marin Fernandes
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scattolini, M.C., Pocco, M.E. & Cigliano, M.M. New Species and Conservation Status of the Genus Group Scotussae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Atlantic Forest. Neotrop Entomol 51, 243–255 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00923-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00923-w