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Effects of Extrinsic, Intraspecific Competition and Host Deprivation on the Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Reared on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Neotropical Entomology volume 48, pages 957–965 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

The pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) shows potential to control Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and understanding the behavior of this parasitoid in challenging environments is important to obtain a higher efficiency in mass rearing and in biological control programs. This study aimed to verify the effects of extrinsic intraspecific competition and the absence of host on the parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii pupae. Therefore, to evaluate the parasitism of T. anastrephae under intraspecific competition, groups of 20 pupae (24 h old) of D. suzukii were offered for different densities of parasitoids (1, 3, 5, or 10 couples) during a 7-day period. Whereas to evaluate the effects of host deprivation on parasitism of T. anastrephae, we tested different treatments: T1—no deprivation, T2—complete deprivation, T3—deprivation every other day, T4—deprivation for 3 days, and T5—deprivation for 7 days. The increase of density of parasitoids resulted in an increase of oviposition scars on pupae and a longer biological cycle, suggesting the occurrence of superparasitism. Increased density also resulted in a higher percentage of attacked pupae, but did not affect parasitoids emergence nor sex ratio. Host deprivation affected number of parasitized pupae, number and sex ratio of offspring, and the longevity of females. Based on our findings, competition among females do not impair offspring viability, and host deprivation for a period up to 7 days do not influence parasitism capacity, indicating that it can be used as a pre-release strategy.

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Author Contribution Statement

APK, TS, JGAV, DB, DEN, and FRMG planned and designed the research. APK, TS, JGAV, and MCM conducted experiments. APK and TS conducted statistical analysis. APK wrote the manuscript. DB, DEN, and FRMG contributed material. DEN and FRMG secured funding. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Funding

This study received financial support provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001 and was partially supported by FAO/IAEA grant 22214.

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Affiliations

  1. Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil

    A. P. Krüger, T. Scheunemann, J. G. A. Vieira, D. Bernardi, D. E. Nava & F. R. M. Garcia

  2. Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil

    M. C. Morais

  3. EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, 96010-971, Brasil

    D. E. Nava

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  1. A. P. Krüger
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  2. T. Scheunemann
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  3. J. G. A. Vieira
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  4. M. C. Morais
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  5. D. Bernardi
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  6. D. E. Nava
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  7. F. R. M. Garcia
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Correspondence to A. P. Krüger.

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Krüger, A.P., Scheunemann, T., Vieira, J.G.A. et al. Effects of Extrinsic, Intraspecific Competition and Host Deprivation on the Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Reared on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Neotrop Entomol 48, 957–965 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-019-00705-5

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Keywords

  • Biological control
  • pupal parasitoid
  • spotted wing drosophila
  • SWD
  • parasitoid-host interaction
  • sex ratio
  • longevity
  • viability