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Sample extraction techniques and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of bisphenols

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Abstract

Bisphenols (BPs) have attracted attention worldwide due to their distribution in environmental, biological fluids and food matrices. Therefore, the monitoring of BPs is necessary for human health. Since their occurrence in such matrices at very low concentrations different sample extraction and cleanup techniques mostly solid phase extraction (SPE) and microextraction followed by HPLC widely utilized for analysis of BPs. Different sample extraction techniques that have been used for extraction of BPs such as liquid–liquid extraction, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), molecularly imprinted polymers, magnetic solid phase extraction and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe were reviewed and discussed. In this review, the sample extraction techniques and HPLC methods using various detectors that have been developed and validated so far, for analysis of BPs in biological, food and environmental samples, are overviewed and discussed.

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Abbreviations

BPs:

Bisphenols

BPA:

Bisphenol A

BPB:

Bisphenol B

BPF:

Bisphenol F

BPS:

Bisphenol S

GC:

Gas chromatography

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

FLD:

Florescence detector

QTOF-MS:

Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

MWCNTs:

Multi walled carbon nanotubes

LODs:

Limit of detections

LOQs:

Limit of quantification

RSD:

Relative standard deviation

LLE:

Liquid–liquid extraction

DLLME:

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

MIP:

Molecularly imprinted polymers

MSPE:

Magnetic solid phase extraction

MNPC:

Magnetic nano porous carbon

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, 11952, Saudi Arabia

    Shazalia Mahmoud Ahmed Ali & Manahil Babiker Elamin

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir

  3. Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt

    Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein

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  1. Shazalia Mahmoud Ahmed Ali
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  2. Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
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  3. Manahil Babiker Elamin
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  4. Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
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Correspondence to Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir or Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein.

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Ali, S.M.A., Elbashir, A.A., Elamin, M.B. et al. Sample extraction techniques and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of bisphenols. J IRAN CHEM SOC 19, 2663–2677 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02521-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02521-y

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