Abstract
In this study, liquid–liquid equilibrium data of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, or 2-propanol) and small-molecule organic compound (sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sucrose, maltose, and lactose) was extensively investigated at 298.1 K ± 0.1 K. The binodal curves were summarized through the empirical nonlinear equations with the lowest standard deviation. The contents of alcohols and organic salts in ATPS were accurately determined by gas chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The phase-forming abilities of alcohols were ranked in the following order, 1-propanol > 2-propanol > ethanol, respectively. The ATPS composed of saccharides was difficult to form two phases due to the high viscosity. The salting-out abilities of sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) were better than sodium tartrate. 1-propanol/ C6H5Na3O7 ATPS had larger biphase areas, it was further applied to concentrate various ionic liquids including [C2mim]BF4, [C4mim]BF4, [C4mim]Cl and [C8mim]Cl. The results showed that alcohol/organic salt ATPS had a better extraction rate to imidazole-type ionic liquids. Ionic liquids were mainly distributed in the top phase (alcohol-rich phase).
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13738-022-02494-y/MediaObjects/13738_2022_2494_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13738-022-02494-y/MediaObjects/13738_2022_2494_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13738-022-02494-y/MediaObjects/13738_2022_2494_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13738-022-02494-y/MediaObjects/13738_2022_2494_Fig4_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Asoodeh, F. Eslami, S.M. Sadrameli, Liquid-liquid equilibria of systems containing linseed oil biodiesel + methanol + glycerol: Experimental data and thermodynamic modeling. Fuel 253, 460–473 (2019)
K. Marek, Liquid–liquid extraction of sulfur compounds from heptane with tricyanomethanide based ionic liquids. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 131, 460–470 (2019)
H.N. Xu, An aqueous anonic/nonionic surfactant two-phase system in the presence of salt. 2. Partitioning of ice structuring proteins. RSC Adv. 2, 12251–12254 (2012)
A. Yazdabadi, S. Shahriari, M. Salehifar, Extraction of caffeine using aqueous two-phase systems containing ionic liquid and sorbitol. Fluid Phase Equilib. 502, 112287 (2019)
S. Chethana, C.A. Nayak, K.S.M.S. Raghavarao, Aqueous two phase extraction for purification and concentration of betalains. J. Food Eng. 81, 679–687 (2007)
G.C. Kresheck, Z. Wang, A new micellar aqueous two-phase partitioning system (ATPS) for the separation of proteins. J. Chromatogr. B 858, 247–253 (2007)
F. Ruiz-Ruiz, J. Benavides, O. Aguilar, M. Rito-Palomares, Aqueous two-phase affinity partitioning systems: Current applications and trends. J. Chromatogr. A 1244, 1–13 (2012)
P.R. Patrício, R.C. Cunha, S.J.R. Vargas, Y.L. Coelho, L.H.M. da Silva, M.C.H. da Silva, Chromium speciation using aqueous biphasic systems: development and mechanistic aspects. Sep. Purif. Technol. 158, 144–154 (2016)
L. Wan, H. Li, C. Huang, Y. Feng, G. Chu, Y. Zheng, W. Tan, Y. Qin, D. Sun, Y. Fang, Influence of the temperature on the (liquid + liquid) phase equilibria of (water + 1-propanl + linalool or geraniol). J. Chem. Thermodyn. 109, 109–116 (2017)
A. Haghtalab, M. Joda, Modification of NRTL-NRF model for computation of liquid-liquid equilibria in aqueous two-phase polymer-salt systems. Fluid Phase Equilib. 278, 20–26 (2009)
M.T. Zafarani-Moattar, R. Sadeghi, Measurement and correlation of liquid-liquid equilibria of the aqueous two-phase system polyvinylpyrrolidone-sodium dihydrogen phosphate. Fluid Phase Equilib. 203, 177–191 (2002)
Z. Zhu, Y. Xu, H. Li, Y. Shen, D. Meng, P. Cui, Y. Ma, Y. Wang, J. Gao, Separation of isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl ether with ionic liquids as extractant based on quantum chemical calculation and liquid-liquid equilibrium experiment. Sep. Purif. Technol. 247, 116937 (2020)
Y. Wang, Y. Mao, J. Han, Y. Liu, Y. Yan, Liquid-liquid equilibrium of potassium phosphate/potassium citrate/sodium citrate + ethanol aqueous two-phase systems at (298.15 and 313.15) K and correlation. J. Chem. Eng. Data 55, 5621–5626 (2010)
X. Wu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, K.-L. Cheong, Effect of salt type and alkyl chain length on the binodal curve of an aqueous two-phase system composed of imidazolium ionic liquids. J. Chem. Eng. Data 63, 3297–3304 (2018)
J. Han, C. Yu, Y. Wang, X. Xie, Y. Yan, G. Yin, W. Guan, Liquid-liquid equilibria of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and sodium citrate/tartrate/acetate aqueous two-phase systems at 298.15 K: experiment and correlation. Fluid Phase Equilib. 295, 98–103 (2010)
T. Saitoh, W.L. Hinze, Use of surfactant-mediated phase separation (cloud point extraction) with affinity ligands for the extraction of hydrophilic proteins. Talanta 43, 119–127 (1995)
Y. Liu, Z. Wu, J. Dai, Phase equilibrium and protein partitioning in aqueous micellar two-phase system composed of surfactant and polymer. Fluid Phase Equilib. 320, 60–64 (2012)
M. Klauck, D. Deska, M. Priemer, J. Schmelzer, G. Kalies, Measurement and prediction of liquid-liquid equilibria in ternary systems containing water, an organic component, and cyclohexanol. Fluid Phase Equilib. 435, 37–44 (2017)
X. Li, D.Y. Liu, F. Li, Effect of DC electric field on phase equilibrium and partitioning of ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems. Biochem. Eng. J. 126, 146–154 (2017)
Y. Liu, Z. Wu, Y. Zhang, H. Yuan, Partitioning of biomolecules in aqueous two-phase systems of polyethylene glycol and nonionic surfactant. Biochem. Eng. J. 69, 93–99 (2012)
Y. Chen, Y. Deng, Y. Meng, S. Zhang, Partitioning equilibria and thermodynamics of gallium, indium, and thallium in aqueous two-phase systems. J. Chem. Eng. Data 60, 1464–1468 (2015)
A.M. Ferreira, J.A.P. Coutinho, A.M. Fernandes, M.G. Freire, Complete removal of textile dyes from aqueous media using ionic-liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems. Sep. Purif. Technol. 128, 58–66 (2014)
S.K. Shukla, S. Pandey, S. Pandey, Applications of ionic liquids in biphasic separation: aqueous biphasic systems and liquid–liquid equilibria. J. Chromatogr. A 1559, 44–61 (2018)
R. Safinejad, N. Mehdipour, H. Eslami, Atomistic reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of the viscosity of ionic liquid 1-n-butyl3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [bmim][Tf2N]. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20, 21544–21551 (2018)
J.C. Merchuk, B.A. Andrews, J.A. Asenjo, Aqueous two-phase systems for protein separation studies on phase inversion. J. Chromatogr. B 711, 285–293 (1998)
M.T. Zafarani-Moattar, V. Hosseinpour-Hashemi, Effect of temperature on the aqueous two-phase system containing poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether 2000 and dipotassium oxalate. J. Chem. Eng. Data 57, 532–540 (2012)
Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Wu, X. Yan, Effect of excluded-volume and hydrophobic interactions on the partition of proteins in aqueous micellar two-phase systems composed of polymer and nonionic surfactant. Fluid Phase Equilib. 429, 1–8 (2016)
Y. Liu, Z. Wu, Y. Zhao, Liquid–liquid equilibrium correlation of aqueous two-phase systems composed of polyethylene glycol and nonionic surfactant. Thermochim. Acta 602, 78–86 (2015)
Y. Liu, Y. Feng, Y. Zhao, Liquid−liquid equilibrium of various aqueous two-phase systems: experiment and correlation. J. Chem. Eng. Data 58, 2775–2784 (2013)
X. Zhao, X. Xie, Y. Yan, Liquid–liquid equilibrium of aqueous two-phase systems containing poly (propylene glycol) and salt ((NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, KCl, and KAc): experiment and correlation. Thermochim. Acta 516, 46–51 (2011)
J. Han, Y. Wang, C. Yu, Y. Li, W. Kang, Y. Yan, (Liquid + liquid) equilibrium of (imidazolium ionic liquids + organic salts) aqueous two-phase systems at T = 298.15 K and the influence of salts and ionic liquids on the phase separation. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 45, 59–67 (2012)
A.C. Oliveira, F.H.B. Sosa, M.C. Costa, E.S.M. Filho, R. Ceriani, Study of liquid-liquid equilibria in aqueous two-phase systems formed by poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) at different temperatures. Fluid Phase Equilib. 476, 118–125 (2018)
L. Liu, Y. Liu, L. Du, Y. Zhao, H. Du, (Liquid + liquid) phase equilibrium of aqueous two-phase system containing (surfactant + sodium sulfate + water) at different temperatures. Fluid Phase Equilib. 415, 25–33 (2016)
A. Afandak, H. Eslami, Ion-pairing and electrical conductivity in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate [Bmim][MeSO4]: molecular dynamics simulation study. J. Phys. Chem. B 121, 7699–7708 (2017)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21476135), Key Program of Marine Economy Development(Six Marine Industries) Special Foundation of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province, China (GDNRC [2020]076).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lian, K., Liu, Y., Teng, B. et al. Phase equilibrium and ionic liquid partitioning in aqueous two-phase system composed of alcohol and small molecule compound. J IRAN CHEM SOC 19, 2823–2831 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02494-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02494-y