Synthesis, characterization of novel p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene derivatives and its application for extraction of alkali and transition elements

Abstract

Formation of novel lower rim derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene through direct reflux between p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetrahydrazides (cone, partial cone and 1,3-alternate conformers) and N-methylisatin in absolute ethanol. The study is clearly showed a facile synthesis of di- and tetrasubstituted p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene derivatives (2, 3 and 4) with excellent yields (up to 95%). The novel products were investigated by using the state-of-the-art techniques such as FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopies. Moreover, the potential applications of these derivatives were screened for their ability to detect and remove alkali and transition metals (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag⁺) using the liquid–liquid extraction method with promising results.