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FTIR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate classification methods to identify different powdered infant formulas adulterated with melamine and cyanuric acid

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Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a nondestructive, simple, rapid, and cheap measurement technique for analysis of many multicomponent chemical systems, e.g., detection of adulterants in food samples. In this respect, this study proposes combining FTIR spectroscopy with multivariate classification methods for classification and discrimination of different samples of infant formulas adulterated by melamine or/and cyanuric acid. Different parametric and non-parametric multivariate classification methods including the linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches were used to classify the recorded FTIR data. Assessing the performance of the multivariate methods according to their sensitivity, specificity and percent of correct prediction results demonstrated that coupling FTIR spectroscopy with multivariate classification can be applied as a rapid and powerful technique to the simultaneous detection of melamine and cyanuric acid in powdered infant formulas. This combinatorial method is efficient for adulterant concentrations as low as 0.0001 w/w%.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Research Council of University of Tabriz for any support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Saheleh Sheykhizadeh & Abdolhossein Naseri

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  1. Saheleh Sheykhizadeh
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  2. Abdolhossein Naseri
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Correspondence to Abdolhossein Naseri.

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Sheykhizadeh, S., Naseri, A. FTIR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate classification methods to identify different powdered infant formulas adulterated with melamine and cyanuric acid. J IRAN CHEM SOC 15, 2541–2548 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1442-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1442-8

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