Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles have been obtained from low-grade ilmenite ore via two consecutive acid digestion and solvent extraction processes. The as-extracted TiO2 (Anatase phase) product was characterized using techniques such as XRD, XRF, FESEM, FTIR and BET surface area. Diluted sulfuric acid and D2EHPA (bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphoric acid) were used as digester agent and an extraction solvent, respectively. The effects of main parameters such as recycling capacities and D2EHPA concentration, as well as the extraction time and temperature on TiO2 extraction were investigated. The results demonstrated that the best performance and efficiency for titanium and total iron uptake were 99 and 3.8%, respectively, at the lowest concentration of D2EHPA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Cao. X. Li., Z. Bian., A. Fuhr. D. Zhang, J. Zhu, Appl. Catal. B. 180, 551 (2016)
D. Kanakaraju., M. Oelgemöller, J. Kockler, C.A. Motti, B.D. Glass, Appl. Catal. B. 166, 45 (2015)
M. Anbia, F. Khosravi, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 164, 541 (2009)
L. Wang. Z. Yu., Z. Peng., Y. Chen., G. Xiang. Q. Liu. Y. Liu, D. Chen, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 90, 777 (2016)
C. Lu. Y. Chen., L. Tang. S. Wei. Y. Song, J. Wang, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 91, 1345 (2017)
A. Karami, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 7, S154–S160 (2010)
S. Tangestaninejad. M. Moghadam., V. Mirkhani. I. Mohammadpoor-Baltork, H. Salavati, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 7, S161–S174 (2010)
B. Samuneva. V. Kozhukharov. C. Trapalis, R. Kranold, J. Mater. Sci. 28, 2353 (1993)
K. Mazdiyasni. C. Lynch, J. Smith, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 48, 372 (1965)
H. Cheng. J. Ma. Z. Zhao, L. Qi, Chem. Mater. 7, 663 (1995)
S. Peres-Durand. J. Rouviere, C. Guizard, Colloids Surf. A 98, 251 (1995)
Y. Qian. Q. Chen. Z. Chen. C. Fan, G. Zhou, J. Mater. Chem. 3, 203 (1993)
M. Klepka. K. Lawniczak-Jablonska. A. Wolska, M. Jablonski, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 182, 85 (2010)
G. Das. Y. Pranolo. Z. Zhu, C. Cheng, Hydrometallurgy 133, 94 (2013)
L. Hamor, in Conference Proceedings (AusIMM, Perth, 1986), pp. 143–146
J.A. Rahm, D.G. Cole, US Patent 4, 288–415 (1981)
P. Baláž., M. Achimovičová., J. Ficeriová., R. Kammel, V. Šepelák, Hydrometallurgy 47, 297, (1998)
R. Biswas. M. Zaman, M. Islam, Hydrometallurgy 63, 159 (2002)
B. Liang. C. Li. C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Hydrometallurgy 76, 173 (2005)
C. Li. B. Liang, S.-P. Chen, Hydrometallurgy 82, 93 (2006)
T. Sato, K. Sato, H. Kamamori, in Symposium on Solvent Extraction (Osaka, Japan, 1991), pp. 345–350
K.C. Sole, Hydrometallurgy 51, 263 (1999)
N.D. Abazović., M.I. Čomor., M.D. Dramićanin., D.J. Jovanović., S.P. Ahrenkiel, J.M. Nedeljković, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 25366 (2006)
S. Mugundan, B. Rajamannan, G. Viruthagiri, N. Shanmugam, R. Gobi, P. Praveen, Appl. Nanosci. 5, 449 (2015)
J. Rydberg, G.R. Choppin, C. Musikas, T. Sekine, Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice (2004), p. 109
V.S. Kislik, Solvent Extraction: Classical and Novel Approaches (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012)
J. Shibata, Proceedings of the International Conference on Rare Earth Minerals and Minerals for Electronic Uses (Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 1991)
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Research Council of Iran University of Science and Technology (Tehran) and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) for financial support to this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anbia, M., Ahmadian, F. & Rezaie, M. Preparation of titanium dioxide nanostructure from ilmenite through sulfate-leaching process and solvent extraction by D2EHPA. J IRAN CHEM SOC 15, 2533–2540 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1441-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1441-9