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Simultaneous determination of valproic acid and its main metabolite in human plasma using a small scale dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

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Abstract

A simple, sensitive, and rapid analytical method has been developed and validated for the extraction and quantification of valproic acid and its main metabolite (3-heptanone) in human plasma. Initially, the proteins of plasma were precipitated with trifluoroacetic acid. Then a very small volume of a water-immiscible extractant and acetonitrile was mixed and rapidly injected into the pre-treated plasma sample. For further turbidity (dispersion of the extractant into sample solution), the cloudy solution was vortexed. After centrifugation, the settled phase was injected into gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The effective parameters, such as type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, vortex time, and pH were studied and optimized. The limits of detection of valproic acid and 3-heptanone were obtained, 0.065 and 0.015 mg L−1, respectively. An acceptable precision was obtained for a concentration of 2 mg L−1 of each analyte (relative standard deviation ≤ 8%). The average absolute recoveries (n = 3) of valproic acid and 3-heptanone were 52 ± 2 and 42 ± 1%, respectively. The validated method has been successfully used in analysis of the analytes in human plasma samples.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank University of Tabriz for partial financial support (No. 89861) for 6-month sabbatical leave for B. Feriduni and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for providing research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Behruz Feriduni & Abolghasem Jouyban

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

  3. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

  4. Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Barzegar

  5. Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Shahram Sadeghvand

  6. Lung and Tuberculosis Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran

    Maryam Khoubnasabjafari

  7. Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Abolghasem Jouyban

Authors
  1. Behruz Feriduni
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  2. Mir Ali Farajzadeh
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  3. Mohammad Barzegar
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  4. Shahram Sadeghvand
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  5. Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
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  6. Abolghasem Jouyban
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Correspondence to Abolghasem Jouyban.

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Feriduni, B., Farajzadeh, M.A., Barzegar, M. et al. Simultaneous determination of valproic acid and its main metabolite in human plasma using a small scale dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. J IRAN CHEM SOC 15, 2503–2510 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1438-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1438-4

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