Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

SBA-15 mesoporous materials decorated with organic ligands: use as adsorbents for heavy metal ions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

When considering the importance of mesoporous materials as adsorbent for heavy metal ions, this study concerns on the preparation, characterization and application of a SBA-15 mesoporous silica material functionalized with a Schiff base ligand N-propylsalicylaldimine (SBA/SA). The properties of this adsorbent were compared with two SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials modified with aminopropyl (SBA/NH2) and ethylenediaminopropyl (SBA/En) groups. These materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA techniques and FTIR spectroscopy. The potential of the prepared modified mesoporous materials, as metal ion adsorbents, was evaluated by their application for removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ag(I) ions from aqueous solutions. The assessments were conducted by investigating the effect of sample aqueous pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of the metal ions in batch systems. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used for metal ions measurements. It is found that after 4 h of mechanical agitation of the adsorbents and solution, under optimum conditions, lead ions can be quantitatively removed from 10 mg L−1 Pb(II) solution using 0.03 g of SBA/NH2, 0.005 g of SBA/En or 0.005 g of SBA/SA. Under same conditions, silver ions can be quantitatively removed from 10 mg L−1 Ag(I) solution using 0.04 g of SBA/SA. In addition, all the studied ions can be eliminated from solution (initial concentration 10 mg L−1) using 0.06 g of SBA/En adsorbent. Based on the calculated values from the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorbents SBA/NH2,SBA/En and SBA/SA for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ag(I) were found to be 29.4, 111.1 and 100.0 mg g−1, 8.0, 14.0 and 5.6 mg g−1, and 7.3, 31.2 and 28.5 mg g−1, respectively. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The proposed method was applied for removing Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ag(I) ions from real samples under selected experimental conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S.K. Agrawal, Heavy Metal Pollution (A. P. H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. D.C. Adriano, Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments, 2nd edn. (Springer, New York, 2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Fu, Q. Wang, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review. J. Environ. Manage. 92, 407–418 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M.E. Hoque, O.J. Philip, Biotechnological recovery of heavy metals from secondary sources—An overview. Mater. Sci. Eng. C31, 57–66 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (Wiey-VCH, Weinheim, 2003)

  6. L. Friberg, C.G. Elinder, T. Kjellström, Cadmium, (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992)

  7. B.P. Lanphear, R. Hornung, J. Khoury, K. Yolton, P. Baghurst, D.C. Bellinger, R.L. Canfield, K.N. Dietrich, R. Bornschein, T. Greene, S.J. Rothenberg, H.L. Needleman, L. Schnaas, G. Wasserman, J. Graziano, R. Roberts, Low-level environmental lead exposure and children’s intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 113, 894–899 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. H.J. Johnston, G. Hutchison, F.M. Christensen, S. Peters, S. Hankin, V. Stone, A review of the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of silver and gold particulates: particle attributes and biological mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 40, 328–346 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. E. C. Ferré, The Many Uses of Silver, http://www.geology.com/uses-of-silver. Accessed 10 Aug 2014

  10. N. Sathaiyan, V. Nandakumar, P. Ramachandran, Hydrometallurgical recovery of silver from waste silver oxide button cells. J. Power Sour. 161, 1463–1468 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Rengaraj, K.-H. Yeon, S.-H. Moon, Removal of chromium from water and wastewater by ion exchange resins. J. Hazard. Mater. 87, 273–287 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X.J. Yang, A.G. Fanem, S. MacNaughton, Removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewaters by supported liquid membranes. Water Sci. Technol. 43, 341–348 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.-F. Blais, S. Shen, N. Meunier, R.D. Tyagi, Comparison of natural adsorbents for metal removal from acidic effluent. Environ. Technol. 24, 205–215 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S.-H. Huang, D.-H. Chen, Rapid removal of heavy metal cations and anions from aqueous solutions by an amino-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent. J. Hazard. Mater. 163, 174–179 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R.T. Yang, Adsorbents; Fundamentals and Applications (Wiley, New Jersey, 2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. O.S. Amuda, A.A. Giwa, I.A. Bello, Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using modified activated coconut shell carbon. Biochem. Eng. J. 36, 174–181 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W.S. Wan Ngah, L.C. Teong, M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: a review. Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 1446–1456 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. K.K.H. Choy, G. McKay, Sorption of metal ions from aqueous solution using bone char. Environ. Int. 31, 845–854 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. H.B. Bradl, Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 277, 1–18 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A.A. Zamani, R. Shokri, M.R. Yaftian, A.H. Parizanganeh, Adsorption of lead, zinc and cadmium ions from contaminated water onto Peganum harmala seeds as biosorbent. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 93–102 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. W. Yantasee, C.L. Warner, T. Sangvanich, R.S. Addleman, T.G. Carter, R.J. Wiacek, G.E. Fryxell, C. Timchalk, M.G. Warner, Removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems with thiol functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 5114–5119 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. K.F. Lam, K.L. Yeung, G. McKay, An investigation of gold adsorption from a binary mixture with selective mesoporous silica adsorbents. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 2187–2194 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Benhamou, M. Baudu, Z. Derriche, J.P. Basly, Aqueous heavy metals removal on amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 and Si-MCM-48. J. Hazard. Mater. 171, 1001–1008 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Shahbazi, H. Younesi, A. Badiei, Functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica by melamine-based dendrimer amines for adsorptive characteristics of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) heavy metal ions in batch and fixed bed column. Chem. Eng. J. 168, 505–518 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. B. Samiey, C.-H. Cheng, J. Wu, Organic–inorganic hybrid polymers as adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from solutions: a review. Materials 7, 673–726 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Jiang, Q. Gao, H. Yu, Y. Chen, F. Deng, Intensively competitive adsorption for heavy metal ions by PAMAM-SBA-15 and EDTA-PAMAM-SBA-15 inorganic–organic hybrid materials. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 103, 316–324 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Mureseanu, A. Reiss, I. Stefanescu, E. David, V. Parvulescu, G. Renard, V. Hulea, Modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica for heavy metal ions remediation. Chemosphere 73, 1499–1504 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M.C. Bruzzoniti, A. Prelle, C. Sarzanini, B. Onida, S. Fiorilli, E. Garrone, Retention of heavy metal ions on SBA-15 mesoporous silica functionalised with carboxylic groups. J. Sep. Sci. 30, 2414–2420 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. L. Giraldo, J.C. Moreno-Piraján, Study on the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution on modified SBA-15. Mater. Res. 16, 745–754 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Z. Dan, L.J. Hua, Ordered SBA-15 mesoporous silica with high amino-functionalization for adsorption of heavy metal ions. Chin. Sci. Bull. 58, 879–883 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. E. Da’na, Amine-modified SBA-15 (prepared by co-condensation)for adsorption of copper from aqueous solutions, PhD thesis, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa (2012)

  32. Z. Shiri-Yekta, M.R. Yaftian, Anion control selectivity of neutral N4-type Schiff base extractants towards transition metal ions. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 29, 11–17 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S.A.M. Fathi, Sh Rostamkhani, M.R. Yaftian, Determination of trace amounts of copper in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration on octadecyl-bonded silica membranes modified by a di-shiff base ligand. J. Anal. Chem. 65, 614–619 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S.A.M. Fathi, M.R. Yaftian, Cloud point extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of trace amounts of copper(II) ions in water samples. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 334, 167–170 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Z. Shiri Yekta, A.A. Zamani, M.R. Yaftian, Amelioration of extraction-separation efficiency of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid in the presence of a water soluble N4-type Schiff base ligand as masking agent. Sep. Purif. Technol. 66, 98–103 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. I.L. Lagadic, Schiff base chelate-functionalized organoclays. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 95, 226–233 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Sutra, D. Brunel, Preparation of MCM-41 type silica-bound manganese(III) Schiff-base. Chem. Commun. 21, 2485–2486 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. B. De Clercq, F. Lefebvre, F. Verpoort, Immobilisation of multifunctional Schiff base containing ruthenium complexes on MCM-41. Appl. Catal. A 247, 345–364 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. U.G. Singh, R.T. Williams, K.R. Hallam, G.C. Allen, Exploring the distribution of copper–Schiff base complex covalently anchored onto the surface of mesoporous MCM 41 silica. J. Solid State Chem. 178, 3405–3413 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Z. Shiri-Yekta, M.R. Yaftian, A. Nilchi, Modified silica nanoparticles with a Schiff base ligand; efficient adsorbent for Th(IV), U(VI) and Eu(III) ions. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 30, 1644–1651 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Aguado, J.M. Arsuaga, A. Arencibia, M. Lindo, V. Gasón, Aqueous heavy metals removal by adsorption on amine-functionalized mesoporous silica. J. Hazard. Mater. 163, 213–221 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Rostamnia, H. Xin, Pd(OAc)2@SBA-15/PrEn nanoreactor: a highly active, reusable and selective phosphine-free catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in aqueous media. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 27, 348–352 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Rostamnia, B. Xin, X. Liu, K. Lamei, Simultaneously application of SBA-15 sulfonic acid nanoreactor and ultrasonic irradiation as a very useful novel combined catalytic system: An ultra-fast, selective, reusable and waste-free green approach, J. Mol. Cat. A 374–375, 85–93 (2013). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1381116913001180-aff0005H

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran

    M. Hami Dindar, M. R. Yaftian & M. Pilehvari

  2. Organic and Nano Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

    S. Rostamnia

Authors
  1. M. Hami Dindar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. R. Yaftian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Pilehvari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Rostamnia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. R. Yaftian.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hami Dindar, M., Yaftian, M.R., Pilehvari, M. et al. SBA-15 mesoporous materials decorated with organic ligands: use as adsorbents for heavy metal ions. J IRAN CHEM SOC 12, 561–572 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-014-0513-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-014-0513-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation