Abstract
Nanocomposites of polyaniline as a conducting polymer and main matrix, zinc oxide nanoparticles as inorganic filler and nylon 6,6 as supporting matrix were prepared by solution mixing process in a common solvent. DC electrical conductivity and its thermal stability at different temperatures under ambient atmospheric conditions were studied for the nanocomposites. The stability studies were carried out by two slightly different techniques, i.e., cyclic ageing and isothermal ageing. The results showed that the DC electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites decreased with increase in the content of zinc oxide nanoparticles whereas the thermal stability in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention was slightly improved in few cases but not for all samples. The advance analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were also used to characterize the selected samples. It was also observed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in the nanocomposites were homogeneously distributed; however, some clusters/aggregates were also present. The FTIR results showed the existence of some interaction between the individual components of the nanocomposites as evident from the little shift in the peaks of FTIR spectra. This result was also supported by XRD data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ansari MO, Ansari SP, Yadav SK, Anwer T, Cho MH, Mohammad F (2014) Ammonia vapor sensing and electrical properties of fibrous multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposites prepared in presence of cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide. J Ind Eng Chem 20:2010–2017
He Y (2005) A novel emulsion route to sub-micrometer polyaniline/nano-ZnO composite fibers. Appl Surf Sci 249:1–6
Panah NB, Payehghadr M, Danaee I, Nourkojouri H, Sharbatdaran M (2012) Investigation of corrosion performance of epoxy coating containing polyaniline nanoparticles. Iran Polym J 21:747–754
Afzal AB, Akhtar MJ (2012) Effects of silver nanoparticles on thermal properties of DBSA-doped polyaniline/PVC blends. Iran Polym J 21:489–496
Faisal M, Khasim S (2013) Polyaniline-antimony oxide composites for effective broadband EMI shielding. Iran Polym J 22:473–480
Ansari SP, Mohammad F (2012) Studies on nanocomposites of polyaniline and zinc oxide nanoparticles with supporting matrix of polycarbonate, ISRN Mater Sci 2012:ID 129869, 1–7
Schnitzler DC, Meruvia MS, Hümmelgen IA, Zarbin AJG (2003) Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid materials formed from (Ti, Sn)O2 nanoparticles and polyaniline. Chem Mater 15:4658–4665
Nazar LF, Zhang Z, Zinkweg D (1992) Insertion of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) in layered MoO3. J Am Chem Soc 114:6239–6240
Ansari MO, Khan MM, Ansari SA, Cho MH (2015) Polythiophene nanocomposites for photodegradation applications: Past, present and future. J Saudi Chem Soc 19:494–504
Yang Y, Chen H, Zhao B, Bao X (2004) Size control of ZnO nanoparticles via thermal decomposition of zinc acetate coated on organic additives. J Cryst Growth 263:447–453
He Y (2004) Preparation of polyaniline/nano-ZnO composites via a novel pickering emulsion route. Powder Technol 147:59–63
Seddigi ZS, Bumajdad A, Ansari SP, Ahmed SA, Danish E, Ahmed S (2014) Preparation and characterization of Pd doped ceria-ZnO nanocomposite catalyst for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) photodegradation. J Hazard Mater 264:71–78
Seddigi ZS, Ahmed SA, Ansari SP, Danish E, Alkibash AA, and Ahmed S (2013) Kinetics and photodegradation study of aqueous methyl tert-butyl ether using zinc oxide: the effect of particle size. Int J Photoenergy. ID 206129:1–7
Seddigi ZS, Ahmed SA, Ansari SP, Yarkandi NH, Danish E, Alkibash AA, Ahmed S (2014) The effect of loading of zinc oxide with palladium on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water. Photochem Photobiol 90:491–495
Viers BD (1999) Nylon 6,6. In: Mark JE (ed) Polymer data handbook. Oxford University Press, New York, p 189
Ahmed AA, Mohammad F (2006) Studies on electrically conducting polyaniline: Nylon-6,6 composites: a potential material for electrical and electronics materials. Solid State Phenom 111:95–98
Ansari SP, Mohammad F (2010) Electrical studies on the composite of polyaniline with zinc oxide nanoparticles. IUP J Chem 3:7–18
Blinova NV, Stejskal J, Trchová M, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Sapurina I (2007) Polymerization of aniline on polyaniline membranes. J Phys Chem B 111:2440–2448
Yan XB, Han ZJ, Yang Y, Tay BK (2007) NO2 gas sensing with polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by a facile aqueous/organic interfacial polymerization. Sensor Actuat B Chem 123:107–113
Zhou C, Han J, Guo R (2009) Synthesis of polyaniline hierarchical structures in a dilute SDS/HCl solution: nanostructure-covered rectangular Tubes. Macromolecules 42:1252–1257
Olad A, Rashidzadeh A (2008) Preparation and characterization of polyaniline/CaCO3 composite and its application as anticorrosive coating on iron. Iran J Chem Eng 5:45–54
Aphesteguy JC, Jacob SE (2007) Synthesis of a soluble polyaniline–ferrite composite: magnetic and electric properties. J Mater Sci 42:7062–7068
Xu JC, Liu WM, Li HL (2005) Titanium dioxide doped polyaniline. Mater Sci Eng C 25:444–447
Anand J, Rao PS, Palanipappan S, Sathyanarayana DN (1998) ZnCl2-induced changes in the electronic properties of polyaniline salt and its base. Synt Met 95:57–62
Upadhyaya M, Ahmed N, Deka R, Kakati DK (2012) Studies on Cu+2 ion doped polyaniline. Iran Polym J 21:601–607
Ahmad AA, Mohammad F, Rahman MZA (2006) Preparation, characterization, thermooxidative degradation and stability of polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile composites in terms of direct current electrical conductivity retention. J Appl Polym Sci 99:437–448
Ahmad AA, Mohammad F, Rahman MZA (2004) Composites of polyaniline and cellulose acetate: preparation, characterization, thermo-oxidative degradation and stability in terms of dc electrical conductivity. Synt Met 144:29–49
Cortés MT, Sierra EV (2006) Effect of synthesis parameters in polyaniline: influence on yield and thermal behavior. Polym Bull 56:37–45
Bauermann LP, Campo Ad, Bill J, Aldinger F (2006) Heterogeneous nucleation of ZnO using gelatin as the organic matrix. Chem Mater 18:2016–2020
Tang E, Cheng G, Ma X, Pang X, Zhao Q (2006) Surface modification of zinc oxide nanoparticle by PMAA and its dispersion in aqueous system. Appl Surf Sci 252:5227–5232
Acknowledgments
Authors are thankful to instrumentation facility of Department of Chemistry (AMU, Aligarh) for FTIR analysis, SAIF (AIIMS, New Delhi) for TEM, SAIF (Punjab University, Chandigarh) for XRD and the University Grant Commission of India for providing financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ansari, S.P., Mohammad, F. Conducting nanocomposites of polyaniline/nylon 6,6/zinc oxide nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and electrical conductivity studies. Iran Polym J 25, 363–371 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-016-0428-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-016-0428-6