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Effects of Obesity on Cardiovascular Hemodynamics, Cardiac Morphology, and Ventricular Function

Current Obesity Reports volume 5, pages 424–434 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Obesity produces a variety of hemodynamic alterations that may cause changes in cardiac morphology which predispose to left and right ventricular dysfunction. Various neurohormonal and metabolic alterations commonly associated with obesity may contribute to these abnormalities of cardiac structure and function. These changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics, cardiac morphology, and ventricular function may, in severely obese patients, predispose to heart failure, even in the absence of other forms of heart disease (obesity cardiomyopathy). In normotensive obese patients, cardiac involvement is commonly characterized by elevated cardiac output, low peripheral vascular resistance, and increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure. Sleep-disordered breathing may lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension and, in association with left heart failure, may contribute to elevation of right heart pressures. These alterations, in association with various neurohormonal and metabolic abnormalities, may produce LV hypertrophy; impaired LV diastolic function; and less commonly, LV systolic dysfunction. Many of these alterations are reversible with substantial voluntary weight loss.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA

    Martin A. Alpert, Jad Omran & Brian P. Bostick

  2. University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, 5 Hospital Drive, Room CE-338, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Martin A. Alpert

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Alpert, M.A., Omran, J. & Bostick, B.P. Effects of Obesity on Cardiovascular Hemodynamics, Cardiac Morphology, and Ventricular Function. Curr Obes Rep 5, 424–434 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-016-0235-6

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Keywords

  • Obesity
  • Severe obesity
  • Obesity cardiomyopathy
  • Hemodynamics
  • Central blood volume
  • Cardiac output
  • Left ventricular
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Concentric and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling
  • Duration of obesity
  • Left ventricular geometry
  • Left ventricular diastolic filling and relaxation
  • Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
  • Left ventricular systolic function
  • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
  • Systemic hypertension
  • Weight loss
  • Bariatric surgery
  • Diet and exercise
  • Heart failure
  • Sleep-disordered breathing