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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts

  • Metabolism (P Trayhurn, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the human body, strongly colonizing the gastro-intestinal tract and outnumbering our own cells. High-throughput sequencing techniques and new bioinformatic tools have enabled scientists to extend our knowledge on the relationship between the gut microbiota and host’s physiology. Disruption of the ecological equilibrium in the gut (i.e., dysbiosis) has been associated with several pathological processes, including obesity and its related comorbidities, with diet being a strong determinant of gut microbial balance. In this review, we discuss the potential prebiotic effect of polyphenol-rich foods and extracts and how they can reshape the gut microbiota, emphasizing the novel role of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in their metabolic benefits.

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Fernando F. Anhê, Thibault V. Varin, Mélanie Le Barz, Yves Desjardins, Emile Levy, Denis Roy, and André Marette declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

    Fernando F. Anhê, Mélanie Le Barz & André Marette

  2. Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Fernando F. Anhê, Thibault V. Varin, Mélanie Le Barz, Yves Desjardins, Emile Levy, Denis Roy & André Marette

  3. Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, 3175, Chemin de la Côte Ste Catherine, bureau 5731A, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada

    Emile Levy

  4. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Emile Levy

  5. Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d’Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada

    Fernando F. Anhê, Mélanie Le Barz & André Marette

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  1. Fernando F. Anhê
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Correspondence to André Marette.

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Anhê, F.F., Varin, T.V., Le Barz, M. et al. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts. Curr Obes Rep 4, 389–400 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-015-0172-9

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