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Oral Psoriasis—An Overlooked Entity: Current Paradigms and Future Perspectives

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Psoriasis is a chronic, genetically determined, scaly, and inflammatory disease of the skin. Pathogenesis is multi-factorial, involving dysregulated inflammation and genetic associations. Cutaneous lesions are characterized as thick, erythematous, all-around defined plaques covered with a silvery white scale. Commonly affected areas include the elbows, knees, sacral area, and scalp. One of the factors that may result in the appearance of psoriatic lesions may be the oral cavity lesions. Aim of the present article was to review the effects of psoriasis on oral cavity, histopathological investigations, and etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of oral psoriasis.

Recent Findings

Recently, many therapies for oral psoriasis are observed and some are in development, or under investigation. Regular non-biologic therapeutic options for psoriasis like cyclosporine, methotrexate, and acitretin are usually not recommended for long-term use due to their adverse safety profiles. More recently, biomarkers present in the oral fluids have been tested as diagnostic tool for psoriasis using gingival crevicular fluid.

Summary

In this review article, we have provided an insight vision to the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of oral psoriasis. Apart from this, a strong emphasis is given to the oral manifestations presented by psoriatic patients, its association with geographic tongue, and salivary changes seen in psoriasis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Punjab University, Chandigarh, for providing the requisite platform to complete this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Simranjit Singh & Tanvi Handa

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Simranjit Singh & Pratibha Ramani

  3. Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    N. D. Jayakumar

  4. Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Rose Kanwaljeet Kaur

  5. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Ravi Kant Sharma

  6. Department of Biotechnology, Amity University of Punjab, Sector 82 A, IT City Rd, Block D, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India

    Anil Kumar Sharma

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  1. Simranjit Singh
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Contributions

SS: data curation, analysis, writing the manuscript; PR and NDJ: data analysis and compilation in various sections; TH and RKK: figure preparation and literature search; RKS: data analysis and arranging references; and AKS: conceptualization, supervision, editing and reviewing. All the authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Simranjit Singh or Anil Kumar Sharma.

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Singh, S., Ramani, P., Jayakumar, N.D. et al. Oral Psoriasis—An Overlooked Entity: Current Paradigms and Future Perspectives. Curr Derm Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-024-00424-0

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