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Updates on Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

  • Immunology (D Lee, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Dermatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the USA, arising when mutated cells escape the host’s natural immune surveillance. Immunotherapy helps boost the host’s immune system, augmenting the antitumor response. Given the ability of the immune system to evolve with a tumor’s evasive maneuvers, it is not surprising that immunotherapy has demonstrated durable clinical benefit in patients with cancer, including certain types of skin cancers. Significant progress has been made with the recent development of immunotherapy for skin cancers.

Recent Findings

Here, we review the literature on immunotherapies used in the treatment of skin cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, interferon, interleukin-2, BCG, talimogene laherparepvec, and imiquimod. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which block CTLA-4 and PD-1 signaling pathways, have improved overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab has yielded higher overall survival rates than either agent alone, but at the price of higher rates of immune-related adverse events. In 2017, a PD-L1 inhibitor, avelumab, became the first FDA-approved treatment for patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma.

Summary

Since 2011, new immunotherapy treatments, including CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 inhibitors, have become the mainstay of treatment for many advanced skin cancers, supplanting chemotherapy for first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

    Alison Kang & Delphine J. Lee

  2. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

    Dan Zhao & James J. Yeh

  3. Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Dan Zhao

  4. David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    James J. Yeh & Delphine J. Lee

  5. Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA

    Delphine J. Lee

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Dr. Lee reports personal fees outside the submitted work.

Alison Kang, Dan Zhao, and James J. Yeh declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Kang, A., Zhao, D., Yeh, J.J. et al. Updates on Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Skin Cancer. Curr Derm Rep 7, 311–320 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-018-0246-5

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