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Wound Dressings: A Comprehensive Review

  • Wound Care and Healing (A Friedman, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Dermatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This comprehensive review covers the advantage and limitations of some dressing materials and the current knowledge on wound dressings and emerging technologies to achieve proper wound healing.

Recent Findings

Traditional and modern dressings are helpful in the wound healing process; however, they cannot substitute lost tissue. Human skin equivalents have been developed conceptually to fill this void as they do not only facilitate wound healing but also may replace lost tissue. Several studies have shown that the addition of mesenchymal stem cells, such as in human placenta, has promising results in wound healing.

Summary

A wound is defined as a disruption in the continuity of the skin or mucosa due to physical or thermal damage, or an underlying medical condition. Wound healing is a complex, dynamic, and multistep process which occurs after skin damage leading to tissue repair. Although the skin normally undergoes repair after a disruption, the healing process can be affected in different conditions such as diabetes mellitus, infections, venous/arterial insufficiency, among others. To enhance healing, a wide range of wound dressings are available; however, a thorough wound assessment (e.g., wound type, size, depth, or color) is required to choose the appropriate dressing. The emergence of new dressings has brought a new perspective of wound healing, but there is no superior product yet to treat acute and/or chronic wounds. Therefore, wound dressing research studies need to be carried out in order to help improve wound healing.

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Abbreviations

DFU:

Diabetic foot ulcer

dHACM:

Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

HSE:

Human skin equivalents

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

RCT:

Randomized control trial

sNAG:

Shortened nanofibers of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor

VLU:

Venous leg ulcer

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

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  1. Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 2023A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Luis J. Borda, Flor E. Macquhae & Robert S. Kirsner

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  1. Luis J. Borda
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Correspondence to Robert S. Kirsner.

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Luis J. Borda and Flor E. Macquhae declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Dr. Kirsner reports grants from Smith and Nephew, personal fees from Organogenesis, outside the submitted work.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Wound Care and Healing

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Borda, L.J., Macquhae, F.E. & Kirsner, R.S. Wound Dressings: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Derm Rep 5, 287–297 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-016-0162-5

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