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Integrating Frailty and Cognitive Phenotypes: Why, How, Now What?

  • Frailty in the Elderly (TP NG, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review elucidates the concept of frailty in relationship to reserve and resilience, the relationships and shared pathophysiology between physical frailty and cognitive impairment, the theoretical underpinnings of three integrated phenotypes of physical and cognitive impairments, and the potential of incorporating biomarkers into phenotype refinement and validation.

Recent Findings

The fact that frailty and cognitive impairment are associated and often coexist in older adults has led to the popular view of expanding the definition of frailty to include cognitive impairment. However, there is great variability in approaches to and assumptions regarding the integrated phenotypes of physical frailty and cognitive impairment.

Summary

The development of integrated frailty and cognitive phenotypes should explicate the types of frailty and cognitive impairment they intend to capture and prioritize the incorporation of biological theories that help determine shared and distinct pathways in the progression to physical and cognitive impairments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument Street, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Qian-Li Xue & Brian Buta

  2. Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Qian-Li Xue, Brian Buta & Michelle Carlson

  3. Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Lina Ma

  4. The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Meiling Ge

  5. Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Michelle Carlson

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  1. Qian-Li Xue
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  2. Brian Buta
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  3. Lina Ma
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  4. Meiling Ge
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  5. Michelle Carlson
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Correspondence to Qian-Li Xue.

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Qian-Li Xue, Brian Buta, Lina Ma, Meiling Ge, and Michelle Carlson declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Frailty in the Elderly

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Xue, QL., Buta, B., Ma, L. et al. Integrating Frailty and Cognitive Phenotypes: Why, How, Now What?. Curr Geri Rep 8, 97–106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13670-019-0279-z

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