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Thyroid Disease, Pregnancy, and Selenium Supplementation

  • Environmental Exposures and Pregnancy Outcomes (D Cantonwine, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Thyroid autoimmune disease is very common in women during their fertile age. From 2 to 17% of pregnant women in the general population have thyroid antibodies. A correct thyroid function has an essential role for fetal development, and maternal complications could occur with impaired thyroid function. This study has the purpose of investigating the possible therapeutic use of selenium supplementation in pregnant women with thyroid autoimmune disease, with a focus on the maternal and fetal outcomes. A review of the literature on Pubmed has been conducted, in order to have a general picture of the current knowledge about pregnancy and autoimmune thyroid disease: outcomes and therapy.

Recent Findings

The present literature agrees on the several positive roles of selenium in women’s reproductive life. It reduces the oxidative stress on the placenta and facilitates fertility and embryo development; it may reduce the onset of preeclampsia, miscarriage, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and fetal growth restriction. Also, selenium has a positive effect on the immune system. After delivery, supplementation of selenium could decrease the incidence of postpartum thyroiditis in women with autoimmune disease. At last, the correct fetal neurodevelopment requires adequate levels of selenium in the mother’s plasma.

Summary

Despite the positive effects of selenium during pregnancy, the evidences about the supplementation of selenium are controversial and current guidelines do not recommend its use in pregnancy. It appears mandatory to design further studies to correctly evaluate whether the selenium levels should be pharmacologically implemented during pregnancy in women with thyroid autoimmune disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Giovanna Savastano, Valentina Del Negro, Damiana Pompeo, Sara Sorrenti, Paola Galoppi, Roberto Brunelli & Maria Grazia Piccioni

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  1. Giovanna Savastano
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  2. Valentina Del Negro
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Contributions

Giovanna Savastano: acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; drafted the work: revised the work critically for important intellectual content. Valentina del Negro: acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; revised the work critically for important intellectual content. Damiana Pompeo: acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; drafted the work. Sara Sorrenti: acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data drafted the work. Paola Galoppi: approved the version to be published. Roberto Brunelli: approved the version to be published. Maria Grazia Piccioni: made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; revised it critically for important intellectual content; approved the version to be published.

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Correspondence to Maria Grazia Piccioni.

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Savastano, G., Del Negro, V., Pompeo, D. et al. Thyroid Disease, Pregnancy, and Selenium Supplementation. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep 10, 115–123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-021-00314-3

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