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Prepregnancy Nutrition and Early Pregnancy Outcomes

Current Nutrition Reports volume 4, pages 265–272 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

Implantation failure and pregnancy loss are estimated to affect up to 75 % of fertilized ova; however, as of yet, there is limited empirical evidence, particularly at the population level, for understanding the environmental determinants of these losses. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on prepregnancy nutrition and early pregnancy outcomes with particular focus on the outcome of spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived naturally and early pregnancy end points among pregnancies conceived through in vitro fertilization. To date, there is limited evidence to support associations of prepregnancy vitamin D and caffeine intake with pregnancy loss. There is suggestive data supporting a link between a healthy diet and lower risk of pregnancy loss. High folate and minimal to no alcohol intake prior to conception have the most consistent evidence supporting an association with lower risk of pregnancy loss.

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Conflict of Interest

Audrey J. Gaskins, Thomas L. Toth, and Jorge E. Chavarro declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Sources of Support

This review is supported by NIH grants T32DK007703-16 and P30DK46200 from the NIDDK.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Audrey J. Gaskins & Jorge E. Chavarro

  2. Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Thomas L. Toth

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Jorge E. Chavarro

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  1. Audrey J. Gaskins
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  2. Thomas L. Toth
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  3. Jorge E. Chavarro
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Correspondence to Audrey J. Gaskins.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Prenatal, Neonatal, and Maternal Nutrition

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Gaskins, A.J., Toth, T.L. & Chavarro, J.E. Prepregnancy Nutrition and Early Pregnancy Outcomes. Curr Nutr Rep 4, 265–272 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-015-0127-5

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Keywords

  • Nutrition
  • Diet
  • Spontaneous abortion
  • Miscarriage
  • Pregnancy loss
  • Early pregnancy
  • In vitro fertilization
  • Reproductive health