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Risk Factors for the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Review

  • Interstitial Lung Disease (A. Hajari Case, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Pulmonology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an invariably progressive disease. Current treatment options simply slow disease progression, and better therapeutic options are needed. We aimed to review an emerging literature on risk factors associated with the development of IPF.

Recent Findings

There is increasing data to support the role of intrinsic risk factors (e.g., genetics, aging, sex, lung microbiome), comorbidities (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, herpes virus infection), and extrinsic risk factors (e.g., cigarette smoking, environmental exposures, air pollution) in IPF development. These risk factors may independently increase susceptibility for IPF or act in a synergistic fashion to contribute to increased risk for disease development.

Summary

Various risk factors have been identified in IPF development that fit within the current paradigm of disease pathogenesis. Further investigation of these risk factors may help us better understand the pathophysiology of IPF and may guide future therapeutic interventions.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the NIH/NHLBI K23 HL138131 and T32 HL007085.

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  1. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

    Tanzira Zaman & Joyce S. Lee

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  1. Tanzira Zaman
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Correspondence to Joyce S. Lee.

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Joyce Lee reports grants from NIH and personal fees from Celgene, Genetech, and Boehringer Ingelheim for serving on advisory boards, outside the submitted work.

Tanzira Zaman declares no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Interstitial Lung Disease

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Zaman, T., Lee, J.S. Risk Factors for the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Review. Curr Pulmonol Rep 7, 118–125 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13665-018-0210-7

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