Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Welding Processes on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Low-Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steels

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, the influence of welding process on metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert gas welding was explored using 308L electrode. Tungsten inert gas welding exhibited equiaxed grains, having better hardness and tensile strength than that of its counterpart. It is observed that heat-affected zone and unmixed zone of shielded metal arc welding is wider than tungsten inert gas welding. Dendrite length and inter-dendritic distance are smaller for tungsten inert gas welding. The volume fraction of ferrite is found to be higher in tungsten inert gas welding. The base metal shows higher ductility than both the weld; also, the ductility of tungsten inert gas welding was marginally better than shielded metal arc welding. Modified Strauss test shows intense grain dropping and strength reduction in both the process. The pitting corrosion resistance is found to be better for tungsten inert gas welding as compared to shielded metal arc welding. The galvanic current shows higher current density when couples are formed with base metal and weld zone produced by tungsten inert gas welding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F.A. Garner, H.R. Brager, D.S. Gelles, J.M. McCarthy, Neutron irradiation of Fe–Mn, Fe–Cr–Mn and Fe–Cr–Ni alloys and an explanation of their differences in swelling behavior. J. Nucl. Mater. 148, 294–301 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. R.V. Taiwade, S.J. Patre, A.P. Patil, Studies on welding and sensitization of chrome-manganese austenitic stainless steel. Trans. Indian Inst. Metals 64, 513–518 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Coetzee, P.G.H. Pistorius, The welding of experimental low-nickel Cr–Mn–N stainless steels containing copper. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 96, 99–108 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  4. M.L.G. Byrnes, M. Grujicic, W.S. Owen, Nitrogen strengthening of a stable austenitic stainless steel. Acta Metall. 35, 1853–1862 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. E. Werner, Solid solution and grain size hardening of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 101, 93–98 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  6. K.H. Tseng, C.Y. Hsu, Performance of activate TIG process in austenitic stainless steel welds. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211, 503–512 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Mohandas, G.M. Reddy, M. Naveed, A comparative evaluation of gas tungsten and shielded meta! arc welds of a ferritic stainless steel. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 94, 133–140 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A.R. Galvis, W. Hormaza, Characterization of failure modes for different welding processes of AISI/SAE 304 stainless steels. Eng. Fail. Anal. 18, 1791–1799 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Yayla, E. Kaluc, K. Ural, Effects of welding processes on the mechanical properties of HY 80 steel weldments. Mater. Des. 28, 1898–1906 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Bala Srinivasan, V. Muthupandi, W. Dietzel, V. Sivan, An assessment of impact strength and corrosion behaviour of shielded metal arc welded dissimilar weldments between UNS 31803 and IS 2062 steels. Mater. Des. 27, 182–191 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D.J. Kotecki, T.A. Siewert, WRC-1992 constitution diagram for stainless steel weld metals: a modification of the WRC-1988 diagram. Weld. J. 71, 171–178 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Cui, C.D. Lundin, Austenite-preferential corrosion attack in 316 austenitic stainless steel weld metals. Mater. Des. 28, 324–328 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. P.S. Korinko, S.H. Malene, Considerations for the weldability of types 304L and 316L stainless steel. Pract. Fail. Anal. 4, 61–68 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Yan, M. Gao, X. Zeng, Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel joints by TIG, laser and laser-TIG hybrid welding. Opt. Lasers Eng. 48, 512–517 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. V. Muthupandi, P. Bala Srinivasan, S.K. Seshadri, S. Sundaresan, Effect of weld metal chemistry and heat input on the structure and properties of duplex stainless steel welds. Mater. Sci. Eng A 358, 9–16 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Weng (ed.), Ultrafine grained steels (Springer, Beijing, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Mohammed, G.M. Reddy, K.S. Rao, Microstructure and pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen stainless steel. Def. Technol. 11, 237–243 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Kumar, A.S. Shahi, Effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel joints. Mater. Des. 32, 3617–3623 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Dadfar, M.H. Fathi, F. Karimzadeh, M.R. Dadfar, A. Saatchi, Effect of TIG welding on corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel. Mater. Lett. 61, 2343–2346 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Verma, R.V. Taiwade, R.K. Khatirkar, S.G. Sapate, A.D. Gaikwad, Microstructure, mechanical and intergranular corrosion behavior of dissimilar DSS 2205 and ASS 316L shielded metal arc welds. Trans. Indian Inst. Metals 70, 225–237 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. N. Suutala, T. Takalo, T Moisio.: The relationship between solidification and microstructure in austenitic and austenitic–ferritic stainless steel welds. Metall. Trans. A. 10, 512–514 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J.W. Fu, Y.S. Yang, Origin of the lathy ferrite in AISI 304 stainless steel during directional solidification. J. Alloys Compd. 580, 191–194 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Mohammed, G. Madhusudhan Reddy, K.S. Rao, Effect of filler wire composition on microstructure and pitting corrosion of nickel free high nitrogen stainless steel GTA welds. Trans. Indian Inst. Metals 69, 1919–1927 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Steve Lampman, Weld Integrity and Performance: A Source Book Adapted (ASM International, Materials Park, 1997), p. 250

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Director Dr. N. S. Chaudhary, VNIT Nagpur, for providing the necessary facilities for carrying out this investigation and for his constant encouragement to publish this work. Mr. Shreedhar Gadge (Senior Technician, Chemical Analysis Laboratory Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering) for performing the solution annealing treatment and Mr. Venkat Raman (Ador Fontech Ltd.) for proving welding facility.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, 440010, India

    Ankur V. Bansod & Awanikumar P. Patil

Authors
  1. Ankur V. Bansod
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Awanikumar P. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ankur V. Bansod.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bansod, A.V., Patil, A.P. Effect of Welding Processes on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Low-Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steels. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. 6, 304–314 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-017-0368-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-017-0368-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation