Abstract
The world urgently needs to discover new drugs to meet the challenges that threaten human health. Marine molluscs are known as natural sources of various bioactive compounds. In the present study, to evaluate the biological activity of the marine snail Planaxis sulcatus, soft tissues of the snail were extracted using acetone (Me2CO), ethanol (EtOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). All extracts were tested for their total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The extracts were also tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activities. The results showed that, EtOAc extract of P. sulcatus had the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, followed by acetone extract. Concerning antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of tested extracts, EtOH extract showed a good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The most promising extract, EtOH extract, was processed for cytotoxicity testing and GC–MS analysis based on antimicrobial testing. Ethanol extract revealed a significant cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HePG-2) and colorectal colon cancer cell lines. GC–MS analysis indicated the presence of 41 compounds in the EtOH extract with hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester as the main ingredients consisting 16.55% and 14.56% of the total content, respectively. These data suggest that P. sulcatus could be a good source for many compounds with antimicrobial and anticancer potentials.
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Abbreviations
- Me2CO:
-
Acetone
- EtOH:
-
Ethanol
- EtOAc:
-
Ethyl acetate
- SPSS:
-
Statistical package of social science
- TAC:
-
Total antioxidant capacity
- TPC:
-
Total phenolic content
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- AAE:
-
Ascorbic acid equivalent
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalent
- IC:
-
The amount of extract needed to scavenge 50% of DPPH radicals
- Ps:
-
Planaxis sulcatus
- HePG-2:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCT-116:
-
Colorectal carcinoma colon cancer
- MCF-7:
-
Mammary gland breast cancer
- ATCC:
-
American type culture collection
- VACSERA:
-
The holding company for biological products and vaccines
- Rt:
-
Retention time
- M.W:
-
Molecular weight
- M.F:
-
Molecular formula
- GC–MS:
-
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- MTT:
-
3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
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REA, RMG, MRH: Wrote the original draft-review & editing, RMG, REA, MRH, KMZ and HAMA: conceived and designed the study, MAG Conceived and designed the study, investigation and methodology of bioactive potential and revised the manuscript, and AAH: Investigation and Methodology of bioactive potential. All authors: contributed to Conceptualization, Data curation, read and approved the final manuscript. All data were generated in -house and no paper mill was used.
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Rasha E. M. Ali has no conflict of interest. Khaled M. Zayed has no conflict of interest. Ahmed A. Hamed has no conflict of interest. Mohamed R. Habib has no conflict of interest. Hanaa A. M. Abu ElEinin has no conflict of interest. Mosad A. Ghareeb has no conflict of interest. Rasha M. Gad El‑Karim has no conflict of interest.
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Ali, R.E.M., Zayed, K.M., Hamed, A.A. et al. Bioactive potential and chemical characterization of Planaxis sulcatus (Phylum: Mollusca, Family: Planaxidae) solvent extracts. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-024-00743-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-024-00743-4