Abstract
Pterocarpus santalinus (Linn. f.) is a small to medium sized deciduous tree, which belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is widely distributed in the tropical regions of the world. The plant has significant importance in traditional medicine for its ethnomedicinal value. The plant is mainly used to cure the skin ailments, oral diseases, cough, pyrexia, diarrhoea, dysentery, hyper nervous activity and also used as a potent anti-hemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective agent. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that P. santalinus contains triterpenes, flavones, coumarins, tannins, phenolic acids, polysterols and essential oils. The active constituents of P. santalinus include alpha and beta santalol, Cedrol, pterocarpol, isopterocarpol, santalin A, B, pterocarpin, cryptomeridiol and santalin. The plant can be investigated for pharmacological activities as it has high medicinal value. The review discusses the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity of P. santalinus.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13596-014-0168-0/MediaObjects/13596_2014_168_Fig1_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnone A, Camarda L, Merlini L, Nasini G (1975) Structures of the red sandalwood pigments santalins A and B. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:186–194. doi:10.1039/p 19750000186
Arokiyaraj S, Martin S, Perinbam K, Marie Arockianathan P, Beatrice V (2008) Free radical scavenging activity and HPTLC finger print Pterocarpus santalinus L.-an in vitro study. Indian J SciTechnol 1:1–3
Arunakumara KK, Walpola BC, Subasinghe S, Yoon M-H (2011) Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f. (Rathhandun): a review of its botany, uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 54(4):495–500
Azamthulla M, Balasubramanian R, Kavimani S (2013) Acute and subacute toxicity of Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood extracts in rats. Int J Front Sci Technol 1(3):99–113
Cho JY, Jisoo Park AB, Pyoung S, Kim ESY, Baik KU (2001) Savinin, a lignan from Pterocarpus santalinus inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a production and T cell proliferation. Biol Pharm Bull 24(2):167–171
Dhanabal P, Kannan SE, Bhojraj S (2007) Protective and therapeutic effects of the Indian medicinal plant Pterocarpus santalinus on D-galactosamine-induced liver damage. Asian J Trad Med 2:51–57
Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM, Keay RWJ (1958) Floral of west tropical Africa. Agents Overseas Gov Adm London 1:531
Kameswara Rao B, Giri R, Kesavulu MM, Apparao C (2001) Effect of oral administration of bark extracts of Pterocarpus santalinus L. on blood glucose level in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 74(1):69–74
Kesari AN, Gupta RK, Watal G (2004) Two aurone glycosides from heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus. Phytochemistry 65:3125–3129
King FE, Cotterill CB, Godson DH, Jurd L, King TJ (1953) The chemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XIII. Colourless constituents of Pterocarpus species. J Chem Soc 3693–3697
Kole PL et al (2005) Cosmetics potential of herbal extracts. Nat Prod Radiance 4(4):315–321
Kondeti VK, Badri KR, Maddirala DR, Thur SK, Fatima SS, Kasetti RB, Rao CA (2010) Effect of Pterocarpus santalinus bark, on blood glucose, serum lipids, plasma insulin and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food ChemToxicol 48(5):1281–7
Krishnamoorthy (2011) Free radical scavenging and antibacterial evaluation of Pterocarpus santalinus leaf in vitro study. IJPSR 2(5):1204–1208
Krishnaswamy NR, Sundaresan CN (2012) Fascinating organic molecules from nature 1.Some exotic red pigments of plant origin. Reson 17(11):928–942
Krishnaveni KS, Srinivasa Rao JV (2000) A new isoflavoneglucoside from Pterocarpus santalinus. Asian Nat Prod Res 2:219–223
Kumar D (2011) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic wood extract of Pterocarpus santalinus L. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2(3):200–202
Kumar N, Ravindranath B, Seshadri TR (1974) Terpenoids of Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood. Phytochem 13:633–636
Kwon HJ, Hong YK, Kim KH, Han CH, Cho SH, Choi JS, Kim BW (2006) Methanolic extract of Pterocarpus santalinus induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. J Ethnopharmacol 105(1–2):229–34
Liu CH, Zou XW, Lu H, Tan RX (2001) Antifungal activity of artemisia annuaendophyte cultures against phyto- pathogenic fungi. J Biotechnol 88:277–82
Manjunatha BK (2006a) Antibacterial activity of Pterocarpus santalinus. Indian J Pharm Sci 68:115–116
Manjunatha BK (2006b) Hepatoprotective activity of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., an endangered medicinal plant. Indian J Pharmacol 38(1):25–28
Manjunatha BK, Rupani AR, Priyadarshini P, Paul K (2010) Lead finding from Pterocarpus santalinus with hepatoprotective potentials through insilicomethods. Int J Pharma Sci Res 1(7):265–270
Narayan S, Devi RS, Srinivasan P, Shyamala Devi CS (2005) Pterocarpus santalinus: a traditional herbal drug as a protectant against ibuprofen induced gastric ulcers. Phytother Res 19(11):958–62
Narayan S, Devi RS, Devi CSS (2007) Role of Pterocarpus santalinus against mitochondrial dysfunction and membrane lipid changes induced by ulcerogens in rat gastric mucosa. ChemBiolInterac 170:67–75
Okigbo RN, Eme UE, Ogbogu S (2008) Biodiversity and conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in Africa. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 3:127–134
Okuda T, Ito H (2011) Tannins of constant structure in medicinal and food plants- hydrolyzable tannins and polyphenols related to tannins. Mol 16:2191–2217
Rahman MM, Khan MA (2013) Anti-cancer potential of South Asian plants. Nat Prod Bioprospecting 3:74–78
Raju KK, Nagaraju A (1998) Geobotany of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus)-a case study from the southeastern portion of Andra Pradesh. Environ Geol 37:340–345
Rane, Gramarc ND (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of Pterocarpus marsupium and Buteakoen-ex-Roxb. Indian J Pharm Sci 5:182–184
Rao SP, Raju AJS (2002) Pollination ecology of the red sanders Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae), an endemic and endangered tree species. CurrtSci India 83:1144–1148
Rao BK, Giri R, Kesavulu MM, Apparao C (2001) Effect of oral administration of bark extract of Pterocarpus santalinus L. on blood glucose level in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 74:69–74
Rudd VE (1991) In: A Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 108–381
Saleem M (2009) Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene. Cancer Lett 285(2):109–115. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.033
Sandrine P (2006) Pterocarpuserinaceus; State of Forest Genetic Resources in the Sahelian and Northern Sudanian Zone of Africa (FAO)
Shou-Fang W, Chang F-R, Wang S-Y (2011) Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic neoflavonoids and benzofurans from Pterocarpus santalinus. J Nat Prod 74:989–996
Strobel G, Daisy B (2003) Bioprospecting for Microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67:491–502
Thakur M, Melzig MF, Fuchs H, Weng A (2011) Chemistry and pharmacology of saponins: special focus on cytotoxic properties. Botanics Targets Ther 1:19–29
Vandita P, Amin N, Khyati P, Monisha K (2013) Effect of phytochemical constituents of Ricinus Communis, Pterocarpus santalinus, Terminalia Belerica on antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity. Int J Toxicol Pharmacol Res 5(2):47–54
Varma RR, Vijayamma N (1991) Pharmacological studies on rakthachandana. J Res Ayurved Sidd 12:190–199
Verma S, Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal medicines. Vet World 1(11):347–350
Wu SF, Chang FR, Wang SY, Hwang TL, Lee CL, Chen SL, Wu CC, Wu YC (2011) Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic neoflavonoids and benzofurans from Pterocarpus santalinus. J Nat Prod 74:989–996
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Navada, K.K., Vittal, R.R. Ethnomedicinal value of Pterocarpus santalinus (Linn. f.), a Fabaceae member. Orient Pharm Exp Med 14, 313–317 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-014-0168-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-014-0168-0