Modeling sapling distribution over time using a functional predictor in a generalized additive model
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Abstract
Key message
The effect of adult trees on sapling density distribution during the regeneration fellings is determined in a Pinus sylvestris L. Mediterranean forest using generalized additive models.
Context
Spatial pattern of adult trees determines the number of new individuals after regeneration fellings, which modify the light and air temperature under tree canopy.
Aims
We proposed a novel spatiotemporal model with a functional predictor in a generalized additive model framework to describe nonlinear relationships between the size of the adult trees and the number of saplings of P. sylvestris and to determine if the spatial pattern of the number of saplings remained constant or changed in time.
Methods
In 2001, two plots (0.5 ha) were set up in two phases of regeneration fellings under the group shelterwood method. We mapped the trees and saplings and measured their diameter and height. The inventories were repeated in 2006, 2010, and 2014.
Results
We found a negative association between the diameter of adult trees and number of saplings up to 7–8 m. Beyond these distances, the diameter of adult trees was not associated with the number of saplings. Our results indicate that the spatial pattern of the number of saplings remained quite constant in time.
Conclusion
The generalized additive models are a flexible tool to determine the distance range of inhibition of saplings by adult trees.
Keywords
Edge effect Intra-specific competition Mountain forest Shade tolerance Mediterranean areasNotes
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank everybody who participated in the field work, especially Ángel Bachiller, Estrella Viscasillas, and Enrique Garriga. We appreciate the comments made by the referees and the editors of Annals of Forest Science during the revision process. We also thank Adam Collins for revising the English writing.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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