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Mechanism of imazamox resistance of the Clearfield® wheat cultivar for better weed control

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Abstract

Wheat is a major world crop. Wheat production is actually decreased by the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds commonly found in wheat fields. The need to control these weeds has led to the use of herbicides, such as imidazolinones, that are not typically used in wheat fields. As a consequence, a new wheat cultivar, the Clearfield® wheat Pandora variety, has been developed to be resistant to imidazolinones. Actually, only few mechanisms of resistance are known. Here, we studied non-target mechanisms and the resistance to imazamox for susceptible and resistant cultivars, under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Our results show a resistance factor of 14.3. We observed that the acetolactate synthase enzyme in the resistant cultivar showed resistance to imazamox. We found also variable cross-resistance to all tested imidazolinone herbicides. Metabolism studies showed a high conversion of imazamox to two metabolites in the resistant cultivar. We also observed a similar penetration of imazamox in both cultivars and a high translocation of imazamox to the root in the susceptible cultivar. Results on cytochrome P450 suggest that the principal resistance mechanism is not in its metabolism. This is the first study on the metabolism of imazamox in Clearfield® wheat cultivars.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Spain’s Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and FEDER program for funding this work through Project AGL-2010 16774 and CTQ2012-37428. F.P.C. is also grateful to the MICINN for a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2009-03921).

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, C-3 Building, Campus of Rabanales, and Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    Antonia María Rojano-Delgado & Rafael De Prado

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex C-3, Campus of Rabanales, and Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    Feliciano Priego-Capote & María Dolores Luque de Castro

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  1. Antonia María Rojano-Delgado
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  2. Feliciano Priego-Capote
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  3. María Dolores Luque de Castro
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  4. Rafael De Prado
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Correspondence to Antonia María Rojano-Delgado.

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Rojano-Delgado, A.M., Priego-Capote, F., Luque de Castro, M.D. et al. Mechanism of imazamox resistance of the Clearfield® wheat cultivar for better weed control. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 35, 639–648 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0232-7

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