Abstract
Photosynthesis in leaves, exposed to temperature change, was measured during spring to provide information for modeling of cropping systems for Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis) and radish (Raphanus sativus) in Jeju Island. The net photosynthetic rates (A) of Chinese cabbage and radish were depressed at temperatures above approximately 25°C (corresponding to the optimum temperature for photosynthesis), due in part to high rates of respiration above 25 or 30°C. Chinese cabbage was more sensitive to high temperature than radish. Above 25°C, stomatal conductance (g s) declined steeply with a sharp increase in the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and transpiration rate (E), suggesting that stomatal closure could not be associated with transpiration rate, particularly in Chinese cabbage. Dramatic declines in water use efficiency (WUE), instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE), and carboxylation efficiency (CE) above 30°C indicated that the plants could be severely affected negatively by high temperatures above 30°C. However, compared to Chinese cabbage, radish had high light use efficiency and potential to assimilate CO2, judged by their high quantum yield (φ) and maximum photosynthetic rate (A max). Radish utilized high levels of photosynthetic photon flux and strongly acclimated to the light environment, considering their high light saturation point (Q sat) and low light compensation point (Q comp). These results suggested that rising temperature might substantially alter water availability of plants by itself and/or through effects on the rate of water loss from leaves of Chinese cabbage and radish under diurnal and/or seasonal fluctuations of temperature, and/or global temperature change. To maintain the high productivity and quality of these crop species, it may be necessary to harvest them until early June, when the daily maximum temperature is below 25°C in Jeju Island.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Baligar, V.C., J.A. Bunce, M.K. Elson, and N.K. Fageria. 2012. Photosynthetic photon flux density, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature influence photosynthesis in Crotalaria species. Open Plant Sci. J. 6:1–7.
Ben-Gal, A., D. Kool, N. Agam, G.E. van Halsema, U. Yermiyahu, A. Yafe, E. Presnov, R. Erel, A. Majdop, I. Zipori, E. Segal, S. Rüger, U. Zimmermann, Y. Cohen, V. Alchanatis, and A. Dag. 2010. Whole-tree water balance and indicators for short-term drought tress in non-bearing ‘Barnea’ olives. Agr. Water Manage. 98:124–133.
Choi, E.Y., T.C. Seo, S.G. Lee, I.H. Cho, and J. Stangoulis. 2011. Growth and physiological responses of Chinese cabbage and radish to long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52:376–386.
Cui, L., J. Li, Y. Fan, S. Xu, and Z. Zhang. 2006. High temperature effects on photosynthesis, PSII functionality and antioxidant activity of two Festuca arundinacea cultivars with different heat susceptibility. Bot. Stud. 47:61–69.
Day, M.E. 2000. Influence of temperature and leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in red spruce (Picea rubens). Tree Physiol. 20:57–63.
Ertek, A. and B. Kara. 2013. Yield and quality of sweet corn under deficit irrigation. Agr. Water Manage. 129:138–144.
Fang, X.W., N.C. Turner, J.A. Palta, M.X. Yu, T.P. Gao, and F.M. Li. 2014. The distribution of four Caragana species is related to their differential responses to drought stress. Plant Ecol. 215:133–142.
Fredeen, A.L. and R.F. Sage. 1999. Temperature and humidity effects on branchlet gas-exchange in white spruce: An explanation for the increase in transpiration with branchlet temperature. Trees 14:161–168.
Givnish, T.J., R.A. Montgomery, and G. Goldstein. 2004. Adaptive radiation of photosynthetic physiology in the Hawaiian lobeliads: Light regimes, static light responses, and whole-plant compensation points. Am. J. Bot. 91:228–246.
Hasanuzzaman, M., K. Nahar, and M. Fujita. 2013. Extreme temperature responses, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plants, p. 169–205. In: K. Vahdati and C. Leslie (eds.). Abiotic stress-plant responses and application. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia.
Johkan, M., M. Oda, T. Maruo, and Y. Shinohara. 2011. Crop production and global warming, p. 139–152. In: S. Casalegno (ed.). Global warming impacts: Case studies on the economy, human health, and on urban and national environments. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia.
Lin, Y.S., B.E. Medlyn, and D.S. Ellsworth. 2012. Temperature responses of leaf net photosynthesis: The role of component processes. Tree Physiol. 32:219–231.
Lu, Z.L., L.W. Liu, X.Y. Li, Y.Q. Gong, X.L. Hou, J.L. Zhu, J.L. Yang, and L.Z. Wang. 2008. Analysis and evaluation of nutritional quality in Chinese radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Agr. Sci. China 7:823–830.
Marshall, B. and P.V. Biscoe. 1980. A model for C3 leaves describing the dependence of net photosynthesis on irradiance: I. Derivation. J. Exp. Bot. 31:29–39.
Mott, K.A. and D. Peak. 2010. Stomatal responses to humidity and temperature in darkness. Plant Cell Environ. 33:1084–1090.
Nunes, C., S.S. Araujo, J.M. Silva, P. Fevereiro, and A.B. Silba. 2009. Photosynthesis light curves: A method for screening water deficit resistance in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Ann. Appl. Biol. 155:321–332.
Oh, S., K.H. Moon, I.C. Son, E.Y. Song, Y.E. Moon, and S.C. Koh. 2014. Growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Chinese cabbage in response to high temperature. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 32:318–329.
Opeña, R.T., C.G. Kuo, and J.Y. Yoon. 1988. Breeding and seed production of Chinese cabbage in the tropics and subtropics. Technical bulletin No. 17. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Taiwan.
Parry, M.A.J., P.J. Andralojc, J.C. Scales, M.E. Salvucci, A.E. Carmo-Silva, H. Alonso, and S.M. Whitney. 2013. Rubisco activity and regulation as targets for crop improvement. J. Exp. Bot. 64:717–730.
Pearcy, R.W. 1990. Sunflecks and photosynthesis in plant canopies. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol. 41:421–453.
Rural Development Administration. 2005. Protected horticulture. Sammi Publishing Co., Suwon, Korea.
Seo, T.C., Y. Jang, C.W. Nam, S.S. Oh, Y.C. Um, and J.H. Han. 2012. Changes of plant biomass and proximate composition of radish exposed to elevated temperature and CO2 concentration. J. Bio-Environ. Cont. 21:20–27.
Silim, S.N., N. Ryan, and D.S. Kubien. 2010. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in Populus balsamifera L.: Acclimation versus adaptation. Photosyn. Res. 104:19–30.
Valladares, F., M.T. Allen, and R.W. Pearcy. 1997. Photosynthetic responses to dynamic light under field conditions in six tropical rainforest shrubs occurring along a light gradient. Oecologia 111:505–514.
Xia, J., S.Y. Zhang, G.C. Zhang, W.J. Xie, and Z.H. Lu. 2011. Critical responses of photosynthetic efficiency in Campsis radicans (L.) seem to soil water and light intensities. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10:17748–17754.
Yamori, W., K. Noguchi, Y.T. Hanba, and I. Terashima. 2006. Effects of internal conductance on the temperature dependence of the photosynthetic rate in spinach leaves from contrasting growth temperatures. Plant Cell Physiol. 47:1069–1080.
Zhou, Z.J., P.X. Su, T.T. Xie, H.N. Zhang, and S.J. Li. 2013. Physiological and biochemical regulation mechanisms for drought adaption in typical desert shrubs. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 5:671–677.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oh, S., Moon, K.H., Song, E.Y. et al. Photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage and radish in response to rising leaf temperature during spring. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 56, 159–166 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-015-0122-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-015-0122-1