Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions greatly influence crop production every year and threaten food security. Plants have a range of signaling networks to combat these stresses, in which several stress-responsive genes and regulatory proteins function together. One such important family of proteins, the Stress Associated Protein (SAP) family, has been identified as a novel regulator of multiple stresses. The SAPs possess a characteristic N-terminal A20 zinc-finger domain combined with either AN1 or C2H2 at the C-terminus. SAPs provide tolerance against various abiotic stresses, including cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and wounding. The majority of SAPs are stress-inducible and have a function in conferring stress tolerance in transgenics. The role of SAPs in regulating biotic stress responses is a newly emerging field among researchers. SAPs interact with many other proteins to execute their functions; however, the detailed mechanism of these interactions needs to be elucidated. In this context, the present review provides a detailed view of the evolution and functions of SAPs in plants. The involvement in crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress signaling pathways makes SAPs ideal targets to develop crops with tolerance against multiple stresses without any yield penalty. Altogether, we provide current knowledge on SAPs for investigating their role in stress response, which can further be exploited to develop climate-resilient crops through transgene-based, breeding-mediated, or genome-editing approaches.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- ACC:
-
1-Aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid
- ATAF:
-
Arabidopsis Transcription Activation Factor
- bZIP:
-
Basic Leucine Zipper
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CCH:
-
Copper Transport Proteins
- CK:
-
Cytokinin
- CO1:
-
Constant1
- DI19-4:
-
Drought-Induced gene family
- DREB:
-
Dehydration Responsive Element Binding protein
- DRIP:
-
DREB2A Interacting Protein
- ENO-1:
-
Enolase 1
- ET:
-
Ethylene
- FT:
-
Flowering locus T
- GA:
-
Gibberellic Acid
- GPX-8:
-
Glutathione Peroxidase 8
- GRF-1:
-
Growth Regulating Factor-1
- GSTUs:
-
Glutathione S Transferase
- JA:
-
Jasmonic Acid
- LEA:
-
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein
- LOS-2:
-
Low expression of Osmotically Responsive Gene-2
- LSE:
-
Lineage Specific Expansion
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen Activate Protein Kinase
- NADP:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADP-ME:
-
NADP Malic Enzyme
- NAM:
-
No Apical Meristem
- NCED:
-
9-cis-Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene
- NEMO:
-
NF-kappa B Essential Modulator
- NMR:
-
Nuclear Magnetic Resource Imaging
- NPR1:
-
Nonexpresser of PR1 gene
- OTU:
-
Ovarian Tumour
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene Glycol
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- PUB1:
-
Plant U-box Protein 1
- RAD23:
-
Radiation sensitive 23
- RAS1:
-
Response to ABA and Salt 1
- RIP1:
-
Receptor Interacting serine/threonine Kinase Protein1
- RLCK253:
-
Receptor Like Cytoplasmic Kinase 253
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- SA:
-
Salicylic Acid
- SAPs:
-
Stress Associated Proteins
- SOC1:
-
Suppressor of Overexpression of CO1
- SOD:
-
Superoxide Dismutase
- TIP:
-
Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein
- TOR:
-
Target of Rapamycin
- UBA:
-
Ubiquitin Associated Domain
- UIM:
-
Ubiquitin Interacting Motif
- VIGS:
-
Virus Induced Gene Silencing
- WRKYs:
-
Transcription factor associated with drought stress
- ZFPs:
-
Zinc Finger Proteins
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Authors' research in this area was supported by the DST INSPIRE Faculty Grant of Department of Science & Technology (DST), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India (File No. DST/INSPIRE/04/2016/002341).
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MM conceived and outlined the review; VS prepared the first draft, tables and figures; PC and SR critically revised the work and provided additional inputs. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Shukla, V., Choudhary, P., Rana, S. et al. Structural evolution and function of stress associated proteins in regulating biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 30, 779–792 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00704-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00704-x