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Abiotic stress-related genes governing signal transduction cascades in wild plants with emphasis to those in Hordeum spontaneum

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Abstract

The study aims at discussing abiotic stress-related genes and metabolites in the crosstalking signal transduction pathways with emphasis to those in leaves of wild barley Hordeum spontaneum. Selected pathways involve tryptophan and target of rapamycin (or TOR) complex as core metabolites. In H. spontaneum, route towards tryptophan production seems to be mediated via anthranilate synthase acting as a master switch. Downstream auxin-related factors and proteins can secure plant’s ability to maintain proper growth rates and stress tolerance. Detected TOR in H. spontaneum participates in several signal transduction related pathways with a central role in nutrient starvation, ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis and in standing oxidative and other abiotic stresses. TOR also participates as a master regulator of lifespan, aging and autophagy in H. spontaneum to regulate growth and maintain plant yield and its attributes under stress conditions. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes some mechanisms by which wild plant species, e.g., H. spontaneum, utilize to cope with abiotic stresses.

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Data availability

Supplemental data can be accessed at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1yVB2zFSwacYCB5_2wrP34skSxD7GoxET?usp=sharing.

Abbreviations

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

ARFs:

Auxin response factors

AUX:

Auxin

eIF3:

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 h

eIF4E:

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E

ETC:

Electron transport chain

GH3:

Gretchen Hagen 3

H. spontaneum :

Hordeum spontaneum

HEAT:

Huntington, elongation factor 3 regulatory

IAA:

Indole acetic acid

JA:

Jasmonic acid

KEGG:

Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PIKK:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase

PLD:

Phospholipase D

RAPTOR:

Regulatory-associated protein of TOR

RICTOR:

Rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR

RPF:

Reinitiation-promoting factor

S6K:

S6 kinase

SA:

Salicylic acid

SnRK1:

Snf1-related kinase 1

TOR:

Target of rapamycin

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein 1

WMV:

Watermelon mosaic virus

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Prof. Dr. Ahmed Bahieldin for providing physical and logistic supports for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Aala A. Abulfaraj

  2. Department of Biology, Aljumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Sameer H. Qari

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Dalia A. Abuljadayel & Shahira A. Hassoubah

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  1. Aala A. Abulfaraj
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  2. Sameer H. Qari
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  3. Dalia A. Abuljadayel
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  4. Shahira A. Hassoubah
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Contributions

Conceptualization: AAA, SHQ, DAA, SAH, Editing manuscript: AAA, SHQ, DAA, SAH, Review & correspondence: AAA.

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Correspondence to Aala A. Abulfaraj.

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Abulfaraj, A.A., Qari, S.H., Abuljadayel, D.A. et al. Abiotic stress-related genes governing signal transduction cascades in wild plants with emphasis to those in Hordeum spontaneum. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 31, 12–21 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00660-6

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