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Factors affecting in vitro regeneration of Ficus carica L. and genetic fidelity studies using molecular marker

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Abstract

A facile method for regeneration of fig (Ficus carica L.) is in demand given the inability of the varieties having persistent type fruiting habit to produce viable seeds for germination, whereas asexual propagation features certain limitations. This article reports factor affecting in vitro regeneration of three fig cultivars, Masui Dauphine, Orphan, and A134. Ammonium nitrate, calcium chloride, sugar concentration in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, explants genotype, culture system (liquid or solid media), and light intensity of culture room affect regeneration. Half-calcium-modified MS (HCMS) liquid medium with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 0.02 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) responded well for shoot induction and proliferation. In average, 18 harvestable shoots were observed per-explant of Orphan cultivar. For elongation, HCMS liquid medium with 0.6 mg/l BAP, 0.1 mg/l NAA, and 0.1 mg/l GA3 performed well among the studied media combinations. Hormone-free regular MS liquid medium produced the highest percentage of rooted explants for all cultivars. Root induction reached 85% for Orphan. In vitro rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized on soil. Inter simple sequence repeat marker based study for somaclonal variation detection showed genetic uniformity of regenerated and donor plants. This regeneration method may be useful for large-scale production of identical plantlets and genetic transformation studies to further improve fig.

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Abbreviations

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

bp:

Base pair

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GA3:

Gibberellic acid

HCMS:

Half-calcium-modified Murashige and Skoog

IBA:

α-Indole-3-butyric acid

ISSR:

Inter simple sequence repeat marker

ME:

Media for shoot elongation

MI:

Media for shoot induction

MR:

Media for root induction

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

mg/l:

Milligram/liter

mm:

Millimeter

NAA:

Naphthaleneacetic acid

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

SPSS:

Statistical product and service solutions

UV:

Ultra violet

%:

Percentage

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Acknowledgements

The authors thanked University Kebangsaan, Malaysia (UKM) for providing research facilities and fund. This study would not have been possible without the cooperation of the staff and practical students of Living lives and future crop centre, UKM. This project is financed under grant FRGS/1/2019/TK02/UKM/01/2 and the Dean’s Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China (BZ201902).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia

    M. Moniruzzaman, Zahira Yaakob & Nurina Anuar

  2. Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    M. Moniruzzaman

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  1. M. Moniruzzaman
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  2. Zahira Yaakob
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  3. Nurina Anuar
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MM performed the experiments and drafted the manuscript. MM, NA and ZY reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and agreed on the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to M. Moniruzzaman.

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Moniruzzaman, M., Yaakob, Z. & Anuar, N. Factors affecting in vitro regeneration of Ficus carica L. and genetic fidelity studies using molecular marker. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 30, 304–316 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-020-00590-9

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