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Genetic diversity of under-utilized indigenous finger millet genotypes from Koraput, India for crop improvement

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Abstract

Phenotyping and genetic assessment of germplasm provide information about trait variability, which helps for effective breeding programs. In the present study, 12 indigenous finger millet genotypes from Koraput, India and three high-yielding improved genotypes were used for elucidation of genotypic variability of photosynthetic traits and genetic diversity using 36 SCoT (Start codon targeted polymorphism) markers. Significant variations were noticed in the CO2 photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency among the genotypes. Significant variations of stomatal traits, pigment content, PS II activity and dry matter accumulation were also observed. The major morpho-physiological traits such as stomatal conductance, dry matter accumulation, shoot length and stomata per leaf area are played a pivotal role and are the major determinants of phenotypic diversity. The positive association of photosynthesis with dry matter accumulation indicates that some of the genotypes remarkably have more photosynthetic rate along with better plant biomass accumulation and can be used in future crop improvement program. Further, SCoT markers were polymorphic and revealed moderately high level of genetic diversity and provided information on population structure among the finger millet genotypes. The SCoT primers, SCoT-14, SCoT-18 SCoT-20 and SCoT-23 showed the higher PIC value and marker index, and potentiality for exploring the genetic diversity of studied millet genotypes. Based on the genetic similarity analysis it is revealed that some of the indigenous finger millet genotypes such as Jhana, Lala, Kurkuti, Ladu, Bhadi and Taya showed highest genetic disimilarity with modern high yielding genotype and can be considered as the potential genetic resources for breeding program.

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Abbreviations

CE:

Carboxylation efficiency

Ci:

Internal CO2 concentration

CV:

Coefficient of variance

DMA:

Dry matter accumulation

Dwt:

Dry weight

ETR:

Electron transfer rate

Fo:

Minimum fluorescence yield obtained with dark-adapted leaf

Fm:

Maximum fluorescence yield obtained with dark-adapted leaf

Fv/Fm:

Maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II

Fwt:

Fresh weight

gs :

Stomatal conductance

LA:

Leaf area

LSD:

Least significance difference

MSI:

Membrane stability index

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

PN :

Photosynthetic rate

RL:

Root length

RWC:

Relative water content

SL:

Shoot length

qP:

Photochemical quenching

WUE:

Water use efficiency

Y(II):

Yield of PSII photochemistry

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Head, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources for providing necessary facilities for the work. The Regional Director, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Jeypore, Odisha is highly acknowledged for providing the millet seeds for the experiment. Financial assistance was provided by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, Govt. of India for providing Non-NET Fellowship (Grant No. CUO/MPHIL/2018/NonNET/02).

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NHS and DP designed the experiments, cultivated the plants and performed the measurement of morphological traits. NHS, PKB and KL performed the measurement of physiological and biochemical traits. SSS and SKL performed the molecular profiling. DP analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and provided helpful discussions for the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Debabrata Panda.

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Panda, D., Sailaja, N.H., Behera, P.K. et al. Genetic diversity of under-utilized indigenous finger millet genotypes from Koraput, India for crop improvement. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 30, 99–116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-020-00557-w

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