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Genetic and phenotypic variation of Turkish Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) accessions and their possible relationship with American, Indian and African germplasms

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Abstract

Okra is an important vegetable crop that provides a significant portion of vitamins and minerals for populations in several countries. Okra has been cultivated in Turkey for centuries, and was likely introduced by the Arabs from Africa in ancient times. In this study, we aimed to clarify the genetic variation within 35 Turkish okra germplasm, by comparing it against 25 different genotypes from India, Africa, and the United States, using 30 morphological characters and 19 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations. Fruit, leaf, and stem color were the primary characteristics to distinguish the okra accessions. Those features, among 30 individual phenotypic traits, explained 42 % of phenotypic variation in the first three axes of the principal component analysis (PCA) with leaf shape, flower size, cotyledon length, fruit-surface angularity, cotyledon width, and petal color. Phenotypic observation results showed that while 1051 Togo (10.76), Red Wonder (7.99), TR-05-1 (7.2), 1159 Togo (7.17), and Red Balady (7.15) were found to be more divergent accessions, Cajun Queen (5.06), Perkins Spineless (5.09), Jade (5.18), TR-01-1 (5.2), and DLGG (5.32) were the closest okra accessions. According to phenotypic data, Turkish okra accessions were located adjacent to the Indian, American, and African okra accessions in clusters three and four. However, marker data showed that African okra possessed a more distinct form compared to the other okra germplasms. Nineteen SRAP primer combinations produced 92 bands and 29 (31.5 %) of them were found to be polymorphic among okra accessions. 1051 Togo was found to be the most divergent accession in phenotypic observation.

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Abbreviations

PIC:

Polymorphism information contents

UPGMA:

The Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean

PCA:

The principal component analysis

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University (BAP Project number: ZF2009 BAP18). We would like to express our gratitude to AARI (Aegean Agricultural Research Institute) for providing some seed samples. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Vanessa S. Gordon who improved the language of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65080, Turkey

    Mehtap Yıldız

  2. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey

    Ercan Ekbiç

  3. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Eftal Düzyaman

  4. Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde, Turkey

    Sedat Serçe

  5. Department of Horticultural Production and marketing, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Lefke Europen University, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Kazım Abak

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  1. Mehtap Yıldız
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  2. Ercan Ekbiç
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Correspondence to Mehtap Yıldız.

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Yıldız, M., Ekbiç, E., Düzyaman, E. et al. Genetic and phenotypic variation of Turkish Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) accessions and their possible relationship with American, Indian and African germplasms. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 25, 234–244 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-015-0330-x

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